Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of liquefaction and pyrolysis reactions of biomass
TLDR
In the liquefaction process, the micellar-like broken down fragments produced by hydrolysis are degraded to smaller compounds by dehydration, dehydrogenation, deoxygenation and decarboxylation as mentioned in this paper.About:
This article is published in Energy Conversion and Management.The article was published on 2000-04-01. It has received 904 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Deoxygenation & Thermal depolymerization.read more
Citations
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Hydrothermal liquefaction of residues of Cocos nucifera (coir and pith) using subcritical water: Process optimization and product characterization
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of time and temperature on TOCcrude and biochar yields from coir and pith through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process was investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Catalytic upgrading pyrolysis of pine sawdust for bio-oil with metal oxides
TL;DR: In this article, the potential of the metal oxides instead of traditional zeolites for catalytic upgrading pyrolysis with the analysis of Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer was investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Formation of persistent free radicals in sludge biochar by hydrothermal carbonization
Zheng Tang,Song Zhao,Qian Yajie,Hanzhong Jia,Pin Gao,Pin Gao,Yanming Kang,Eric Lichtfouse,Eric Lichtfouse +8 more
TL;DR: In particular, persistent free radicals are emerging contaminants previously detected in biochar but underlying mechanisms of radical formation are not yet established as mentioned in this paper, which implies that biochar ecotoxicity should be assessed prior applications to prevent adverse health effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
A chemical equilibrium model for biomass gasification. Application to Costa Rican coffee pulp transformation unit
TL;DR: In this paper, the establishment of a biomass gasification model using for its validation, experimental data obtained in a 15-20 kg/h coffee pulp downdraft gasifier unit, operated at ICAFE-Costa Rica, is considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Energy and chemical conversion of five Australian lignocellulosic feedstocks into bio-crude through liquefaction
Jana Kosinkova,Jerome A. Ramirez,Michal Jablonský,Zoran Ristovski,Richard J. C. Brown,Thomas J. Rainey +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the energy efficiency of thermal liquefaction of five potential feedstocks, namely, banana bunch stems (BBS), pineapple tops (PT), Forage sorghum (FS), bagasse (Ba), and Arundo donax (AD), was examined from an energy perspective at a large laboratory scale.
References
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Book
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure
TL;DR: Localized Chemical bonding Delocalized Chemical Bonding Bonding Weaker than Covalent Stereochemistry Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes Mechanisms and Methods of Determining them Photochemistry Acids and Bases Effects of Structure on Reactivity Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution Aromatic Electrophilic Substitutes Aliphatically Electrophilic Substitution Free-Radical Substitution Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds Adding to Carbon Hetero Multiple Bonds Eliminations Rearrangements Ox
BookDOI
Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions.
Dietrich Fengel,Gerd Wegener +1 more
TL;DR: The anatomy and chemistry of wood are described in detail, and with extensive reference to the literature, under the following headings: Introduction; Structure and ultrastructure; Chemical composition and analysis of wood; Cellulose; Polyoses (hemicelluloses); Lignin; Extractives; Distribution of the components within the wood cell wall; Constituents of bark; Reactions in acidic medium; reactions in alkaline medium; Influence of temperature; Degradation by light and ionizing rays; Microbial and enzymatic degradation; Aging and fossilization; Pul
Book
Textbook of Wood Technology
A. J. Panshin,C. de Zeeuw +1 more
TL;DR: The first part deals with the formation, anatomy and properties of wood, and the second part is important for the numerous means of identifying woods which it contains as discussed by the authors, including anatomical means, structural features, physical characteristics, figure as it is related to the various planes of cut, and by chemical means.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lignin chemistry—past, present and future
TL;DR: Later development, beginning with the dehydrogenation theory and experimental studies on the de-hydrogenative polymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, is reviewed in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent progress in the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses
TL;DR: In this article, the present status of the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses is summarized, with special emphasis on recent contributions, and problems still to be solved in wood chemistry are discussed, and an attempt is made to predict future developments in this field.