Book ChapterDOI
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Edward L. Kaplan,Paul Meier +1 more
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In this article, the product-limit (PL) estimator was proposed to estimate the proportion of items in the population whose lifetimes would exceed t (in the absence of such losses), without making any assumption about the form of the function P(t).Abstract:
In lifetesting, medical follow-up, and other fields the observation of the time of occurrence of the event of interest (called a death) may be prevented for some of the items of the sample by the previous occurrence of some other event (called a loss). Losses may be either accidental or controlled, the latter resulting from a decision to terminate certain observations. In either case it is usually assumed in this paper that the lifetime (age at death) is independent of the potential loss time; in practice this assumption deserves careful scrutiny. Despite the resulting incompleteness of the data, it is desired to estimate the proportion P(t) of items in the population whose lifetimes would exceed t (in the absence of such losses), without making any assumption about the form of the function P(t). The observation for each item of a suitable initial event, marking the beginning of its lifetime, is presupposed. For random samples of size N the product-limit (PL) estimate can be defined as follows: L...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of postoperative radiotherapy and combined postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the multidisciplinary management of malignant gliomas. A joint radiation therapy oncology group and eastern cooperative oncology group study
Chu H. Chang,John Horton,David A. Schoenfeld,O. Salazer,R. Perez-Tamayo,Simon Kramer,Alan S. Weinstein,James S. Nelson,Yoshiaki Tsukada +8 more
TL;DR: Evaluating the efficacy after neurosurgery of three new treatment options as compared with control treatment of radiotherapy alone found that age was the most important prognostic factor and a modified histologic classification of anaplastic astrocytoma versus glioblastoma provided better prognostic information than the astroicytoma grading system of Kernohan.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Effect of Dexrazoxane on Myocardial Injury in Doxorubicin-Treated Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Steven E. Lipshultz,Nader Rifai,Virginia M. Dalton,Donna E. Levy,Lewis B. Silverman,Lewis B. Silverman,Stuart R. Lipsitz,Stuart R. Lipsitz,Steven D. Colan,Steven D. Colan,Barbara L. Asselin,Ronald D. Barr,Luis A. Clavell,Craig A. Hurwitz,Albert Moghrabi,Yvan Samson,Marshall A. Schorin,Richard D. Gelber,Stephen E. Sallan,Stephen E. Sallan +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that dexrazoxane decreases doxorubicin-associated injury of cardiomyocytes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but also injures myocardial cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemotherapy in addition to supportive care improves survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from 16 randomized controlled trials
Sarah Burdett,S. Burdett,Richard Stephens,Lesley A. Stewart,Jayne F. Tierney,A. Auperin,T. Le Chevalier,C. Le Pechoux,Jean-Pierre Pignon,Rodrigo Arriagada,Rodrigo Arriagada,Julian P T Higgins,David P. Johnson,J. Van Meerbeeck,M. K. B. Parmar,R. Souhami,David R. Bell,G. Cartei,Yvon Cormier,Michael Cullen,Patricia A. Ganz,C. Gridelli,Stein Kaasa,E. Quoix,E. Rapp,Lesley Seymour,Stephen G. Spiro,Nick Thatcher,D. Tummarello,Chris Williams,I. Williamson +30 more
TL;DR: In this article, an individual patient data meta-analysis of supportive care and chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was carried out to assess newer regimens and determine conclusively the effect of chemotherapy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the brain: can high dose, large volume radiation therapy improve survival? Report on a prospective trial by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG): RTOG 8315.
Diana F. Nelson,Karen L. Martz,Hugh Bonner,Hugh Bonner,James S. Nelson,James S. Nelson,Joseph Newall,Herbert D Kerman,John W. Thomson,Kevin Murray +9 more
TL;DR: Despite high dose and large volume irradiation, primary Central Nervous System lymphoma still exhibits excessive mortality, especially in older patients, which remains unresolved, this paradox of the relative radioresistance of primary Central nervous system lymphoma remains unresolved.
Journal ArticleDOI
Theory and applications of hazard plotting for censored failure data
TL;DR: Applications of the hazard plotting method are given for multiply censored data on service life of equipment, for strength data on an item with different failure modes, and for biological data multiply censored on both sides from paired comparisons.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Survival Curve for Cancer Patients Following Treatment
Joseph Berkson,Robert P. Gage +1 more
TL;DR: A simple function, in terms of two physically meaningful parameters, has been evolved, which fits survivorship data very well and can be used to compare succinctly the mortality of two groups, different in respect of treatment, type of cancer, or other characteristics.
Journal ArticleDOI
An analysis of some failure data
TL;DR: The rationale and statistical techniques employed in the analysis of some failure data obtained from operations performed by machines and people are summarized and the agreement between theory and data is evaluated.