Journal ArticleDOI
The origins of genome complexity.
Michael Lynch,John S. Conery +1 more
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TLDR
It is argued that many of these modifications emerged passively in response to the long-term population-size reductions that accompanied increases in organism size, and provided novel substrates for the secondary evolution of phenotypic complexity by natural selection.Abstract:
Complete genomic sequences from diverse phylogenetic lineages reveal notable increases in genome complexity from prokaryotes to multicellular eukaryotes. The changes include gradual increases in gene number, resulting from the retention of duplicate genes, and more abrupt increases in the abundance of spliceosomal introns and mobile genetic elements. We argue that many of these modifications emerged passively in response to the long-term population-size reductions that accompanied increases in organism size. According to this model, much of the restructuring of eukaryotic genomes was initiated by nonadaptive processes, and this in turn provided novel substrates for the secondary evolution of phenotypic complexity by natural selection. The enormous long-term effective population sizes of prokaryotes may impose a substantial barrier to the evolution of complex genomes and morphologies.read more
Citations
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疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]/Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses
Andrew H. Paterson,John E. Bowers,Rémy Bruggmann,Inna Dubchak,Jane Grimwood,Heidrun Gundlach,Georg Haberer,Uffe Hellsten,Therese Mitros,Alexander Poliakov,Jeremy Schmutz,Manuel Spannagl,Haibao Tang,Xiyin Wang,Xiyin Wang,Thomas Wicker,Arvind K. Bharti,Jarrod Chapman,F. Alex Feltus,F. Alex Feltus,Udo Gowik,Igor V. Grigoriev,Eric Lyons,Christopher G. Maher,Mihaela Martis,Apurva Narechania,Robert Otillar,Bryan W. Penning,Asaf Salamov,Yu Wang,Lifang Zhang,Nicholas C. Carpita,Michael Freeling,Alan R. Gingle,C. Thomas Hash,Beat Keller,Patricia E. Klein,Stephen Kresovich,Maureen C. McCann,Ray Ming,Daniel G. Peterson,Daniel G. Peterson,Mehboob-ur-Rahman,Mehboob-ur-Rahman,Doreen Ware,Doreen Ware,Peter Westhoff,Klaus F. X. Mayer,Joachim Messing,Daniel S. Rokhsar,Daniel S. Rokhsar +50 more
TL;DR: An initial analysis of the ∼730-megabase Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench genome is presented, placing ∼98% of genes in their chromosomal context using whole-genome shotgun sequence validated by genetic, physical and syntenic information.
Journal ArticleDOI
The advantages and disadvantages of being polyploid
TL;DR: The advantages and challenges of polyploidy, and its evolutionary potential, are considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
The distribution of fitness effects of new mutations
TL;DR: The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of new mutations is a fundamental entity in genetics that has implications ranging from the genetic basis of complex disease to the stability of the molecular clock.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative genomics of the lactic acid bacteria
Kira S. Makarova,Alexei I. Slesarev,Yuri I. Wolf,Alexander V. Sorokin,Boris Mirkin,Eugene V. Koonin,Andrey R. Pavlov,Nadezhda Pavlova,Valeri N. Karamychev,N. N. Polouchine,V. V. Shakhova,Igor V. Grigoriev,Yunian Lou,D. Rohksar,Susan Lucas,Katherine H. Huang,David Goodstein,Trevor Hawkins,V. Plengvidhya,V. Plengvidhya,Dennis L. Welker,Joanne E. Hughes,Yong Jun Goh,Andrew K. Benson,K. A. Baldwin,Ju-Hoon Lee,I. Diaz-Muniz,B. Dosti,Vladimir V. Smeianov,W. Wechter,Ravi D. Barabote,Graciela L. Lorca,Eric Altermann,Rodolphe Barrangou,Balasubramanian Ganesan,Y. Xie,Helen Rawsthorne,Diana I. Tamir,C. Parker,Frederick Breidt,Frederick Breidt,Jeffery R. Broadbent,Robert W. Hutkins,Daniel J. O'Sullivan,J. L. Steele,Gülhan Ünlü,Milton H. Saier,Todd R. Klaenhammer,Paul G. Richardson,Sergei A. Kozyavkin,Bart C. Weimer,David A. Mills +51 more
TL;DR: Phylogenetic analyses, comparison of gene content across the group, and reconstruction of ancestral gene sets indicate a combination of extensive gene loss and key gene acquisitions via horizontal gene transfer during the coevolution of lactic acid bacteria with their habitats.
References
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Book
The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution
TL;DR: The neutral theory as discussed by the authors states that the great majority of evolutionary changes at the molecular level are caused not by Darwinian selection but by random drift of selectively neutral mutants, which has caused controversy ever since.
Journal ArticleDOI
The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes
Michael Lynch,John S. Conery +1 more
TL;DR: Although duplicate genes may only rarely evolve new functions, the stochastic silencing of such genes may play a significant role in the passive origin of new species.
Journal Article
Preservation of duplicate genes by complementary, degenerative mutations.
TL;DR: Cooke et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a new conceptual framework for understanding the evolution of duplicate genes that may help explain this conundrum, focusing on the regulatory complexity of eukaryotic genes, and showed how complementary degenerative mutations in different regulatory elements of duplicated genes can facilitate the preservation of both duplicates, thereby increasing long-term opportunities for the development of new gene functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preservation of Duplicate Genes by Complementary, Degenerative Mutations
TL;DR: Focusing on the regulatory complexity of eukaryotic genes, it is shown how complementary degenerative mutations in different regulatory elements of duplicated genes can facilitate the preservation of both duplicates, thereby increasing long-term opportunities for the evolution of new gene functions.
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