Open Access
Uniaxial strain in graphene by Raman spectroscopy: G peak splitting, Grüneisen parameters, and sample orientation
T. M. G. Mohiuddin,Antonio Lombardo,Rahul R. Nair,A. Bonetti,Giorgio Savini,Rashid Jalil,Nicola Bonini,Denis M. Basko,Costas Galiotis,Nicola Marzari,Kostya S. Novoselov,Andre K. Geim,Andrea C. Ferrari +12 more
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TLDR
In this article, the constitutive relation of graphene and probe the physics of its optical phonons by studying its Raman spectrum as a function of uniaxial strain was uncovered.Abstract:
We uncover the constitutive relation of graphene and probe the physics of its optical phonons by studying its Raman spectrum as a function of uniaxial strain. We find that the doubly degenerate E(2g) optical mode splits in two components: one polarized along the strain and the other perpendicular. This splits the G peak into two bands, which we call G(+) and G(-), by analogy with the effect of curvature on the nanotube G peak. Both peaks redshift with increasing strain and their splitting increases, in excellent agreement with first-principles calculations. Their relative intensities are found to depend on light polarization, which provides a useful tool to probe the graphene crystallographic orientation with respect to the strain. The 2D and 2D(') bands also redshift but do not split for small strains. We study the Gruneisen parameters for the phonons responsible for the G, D, and D(') peaks. These can be used to measure the amount of uniaxial or biaxial strain, providing a fundamental tool for nanoelectronics, where strain monitoring is of paramount importance.read more
Citations
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Phonon Bandgap Engineering of Strained Monolayer MoS2
TL;DR: The uniaxial tension is illustrated as an efficient method for manipulating the phonon bandgap of the monolayer MoS₂, while the biaXial compression is used as a powerful tool to intrigue buckling in the monoledouble.
Posted Content
Evaluating arbitrary strain configurations and doping in graphene with Raman spectroscopy
Niclas S. Mueller,Sebastian Heeg,Sebastian Heeg,Miriam Peña Alvarez,Patryk Kusch,Soeren Wasserroth,Nick Clark,Fredrik Schedin,John Parthenios,Konstantinos Papagelis,Konstantinos Papagelis,Costas Galiotis,Costas Galiotis,Martin Kalbac,Aravind Vijayaraghavan,Uwe Huebner,Roman V. Gorbachev,Otakar Frank,Stephanie Reich +18 more
TL;DR: In this article, a correlation analysis of the 2D and G frequencies of the Raman spectrum of Graphene was performed to obtain the local hydrostatic strain, shear strain and doping without any assumption on the strain configuration prior to the analysis.
Journal Article
Probing the uniaxial strains in MoS$_{\mathrm{2}}$ using polarized Raman spectroscopy: A first-principles study
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of uniaxial strain on the Raman-active modes in monolayer polysilicon was studied and it was shown that the in-plane and out-of-plane Raman spectra can serve as fingerprints for the uniaoXial strain in this 2D material.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perfect valley filter in strained graphene with single barrier region
TL;DR: In this article, a single barrier system was proposed to generate pure valley-polarized current in monolayer graphene, where a uniaxial strain is applied within the barrier region, which is delineated by localized magnetic field created by ferromagnetic stripes at the regions boundaries.
Dissertation
Estrategias de funcionalización de grafeno para el desarrollo de nanocompuestos de matriz termoplástica
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the desarrollo of nanocompuestos polimericos multifuncionales basados in grafeno, with potencial aplicacion in sectores como el de la automocion and el aeronautico.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Raman spectroscopy as a versatile tool for studying the properties of graphene
Andrea C. Ferrari,Denis M. Basko +1 more
TL;DR: The state of the art, future directions and open questions in Raman spectroscopy of graphene are reviewed, and essential physical processes whose importance has only recently been recognized are described.
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Graphene based materials: Past, present and future
TL;DR: Graphene and its derivatives are being studied in nearly every field of science and engineering as mentioned in this paper, and recent progress has shown that the graphene-based materials can have a profound impact on electronic and optoelectronic devices, chemical sensors, nanocomposites and energy storage.
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Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems
Andrea C. Ferrari,Francesco Bonaccorso,Francesco Bonaccorso,Vladimir I. Fal'ko,Konstantin S. Novoselov,Stephan Roche,Peter Bøggild,Stefano Borini,Frank H. L. Koppens,Vincenzo Palermo,Nicola M. Pugno,Nicola M. Pugno,Nicola M. Pugno,Jose A. Garrido,Roman Sordan,Alberto Bianco,Laura Ballerini,Maurizio Prato,Elefterios Lidorikis,Jani Kivioja,Claudio Marinelli,Tapani Ryhänen,Alberto F. Morpurgo,Jonathan N. Coleman,Valeria Nicolosi,Luigi Colombo,Albert Fert,Albert Fert,Mar García-Hernández,Adrian Bachtold,Grégory F. Schneider,Francisco Guinea,Cees Dekker,Matteo Barbone,Zhipei Sun,Costas Galiotis,Alexander N. Grigorenko,Gerasimos Konstantatos,Andras Kis,Mikhail I. Katsnelson,Lieven M. K. Vandersypen,A. Loiseau,Vittorio Morandi,Daniel Neumaier,Emanuele Treossi,Vittorio Pellegrini,Vittorio Pellegrini,Marco Polini,Alessandro Tredicucci,Gareth M. Williams,Byung Hee Hong,Jong Hyun Ahn,Jong Min Kim,Herbert Zirath,Bart J. van Wees,Herre S. J. van der Zant,Luigi Occhipinti,Andrea di Matteo,Ian A. Kinloch,Thomas Seyller,Etienne Quesnel,Xinliang Feng,K.B.K. Teo,Nalin Rupesinghe,Pertti Hakonen,Simon R. T. Neil,Quentin Tannock,Tomas Löfwander,Jari M. Kinaret +68 more
TL;DR: An overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials, ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantifying defects in graphene via Raman spectroscopy at different excitation energies
Luiz Gustavo Cançado,Ado Jorio,E. H. Martins Ferreira,Fernando Stavale,Carlos A. Achete,Rodrigo B. Capaz,Marcus V. O. Moutinho,Antonio Lombardo,Tero S. Kulmala,Andrea C. Ferrari +9 more
TL;DR: It is found that the ratio between the D and G peak intensities, for a given defect density, strongly depends on the laser excitation energy, and a simple equation for the determination of the point defect density in graphene via Raman spectroscopy is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stretching and Breaking of Ultrathin MoS2
TL;DR: In this paper, the stiffness and breaking strength of monolayer MoS2, a new semiconducting analogue of graphene, was investigated. But the results were limited to the case of single and bilayer membranes, and the strength of strongest membranes was only 11% of its Young's modulus.