MicroRNAs: Genomics, Biogenesis, Mechanism, and Function

The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.

/pdf/initial-sequencing-and-analysis-of-the-human-genome-5dapk1rsx1.pdf

Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

http://bartellab.wi.mit.edu/publication_reprints/Bartel_Cell09.pdf

MicroRNAs: Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions

A procedure for extracting plasmid DNA from bacterial cells is described. The method is simple enough to permit the analysis by gel electrophoresis of 100 or more clones per day yet yields plasmid DNA which is pure enough to be digestible by restriction enzymes. The principle of the method is selective alkaline denaturation of high molecular weight chromosomal DNA while covalently closed circular DNA remains double-stranded. Adequate pH control is accomplished without using a pH meter. Upon neutralization, chromosomal DNA renatures to form an insoluble clot, leaving plasmid DNA in the supernatant. Large and small plasmid DNAs have been extracted by this method.

A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA

Berries are a rich dietary source of bioactive polyphenols, including flavonoids, such as anthocyanins. Dietary flavonoids are known to chelate Cu + and are known to alter the uptake of metal ions in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. However, little is known about the effects of dietary polyphenols on the expression of genes involved in the Cu-uptake pathway in the human intestine. The present study investigated the influence of a flavonoid-rich berry-extract on the expression of the following genes which co-ordinate the intestinal uptake of Cu: the cell surface metalloreductase (DCYTB); the Cu importers, divalent metal ion transporter (DMT1) and Cu transporter 1 (CTR1); the intracellular Cu chaperone (HAH1) and metallothionein (MT); the Cu transporting ATPases (ATP7A and ATP7B). Human intestinal Caco-2 cells, cultured for 19 d, were treated for 16 h with a flavonoid-rich berry-extract (OptiBerry; InterHealth Nutraceuticals, Benicia, CA, USA) at a final concentration of 0.125% (w/v). RNA was isolated for quantitative RT–PCR. All gene expression data were normalised to 18S and GAPDH as housekeeping genes and presented as mean normalised expression ratios SEM. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t test with significance indicated at P £ 0.05 (n 12). Following treatment with the berry extract there were significant decreases in DMT1 (0.73 0.08, P<0.04), CTR1 (0.67 0.06, P<0.01), HAH1 (0.82 0.06, P<0.03) and ATP7B (0.72 0.05, P<0.001) mRNA expression (Fig. 1). The mRNA expression of the other genes did not change significantly in response to the berry-extract treatment. These results indicate that berry flavonoids influence the expression of components of the Cu-uptake pathway. Studies are in progress to investigate the biological relevance of the observed effects in relation to berry consumption and the bioavailability of dietary Cu.

/pdf/flavonoid-rich-berry-extract-treatment-influences-expression-87xsdof2ns.pdf

Flavonoid-rich berry-extract treatment influences expression of genes in the copper-uptake pathway in human intestinal Caco-2 cells

***WITHDRAWN PATENT AS PER THE LATEST USPTO WITHDRAWN LIST***RNA sequence-specific mediators of RNA interference

Médiateurs spécifiques de la séquence d'ARN d'interférence d'ARN

The whitehead institute and mit.

On accelere la cicatrisation de blessures chroniques, telles que les ulceres de jambe, au moyen de l'administration topique d'un inhibiteur de la serine protease, tel que PAI-2. On accelere egalement la cicatrisation de blessures en utilisant une combinaison d'inhibiteurs de la serine protease, tels que PAI-2, avec d'autres inhibiteurs de la serine protease et/ou avec des inhibiteurs de la protease, tels que des inhibiteurs de la metalloprotease, de la protease acide et de la protease thiol.

Phillip A. Sharp

Papers

Flavonoid-rich berry-extract treatment influences expression of genes in the copper-uptake pathway in human intestinal Caco-2 cells

WITHDRAWN PATENT AS PER THE LATEST USPTO WITHDRAWN LISTRNA sequence-specific mediators of RNA interference

Médiateurs spécifiques de la séquence d'ARN d'interférence d'ARN

The whitehead institute and mit.

Utilisation d'inhibiteurs de la protease pour traiter les blessures cutanees