Institution
Aix-Marseille University
Education•Marseille, France•
About: Aix-Marseille University is a education organization based out in Marseille, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 24326 authors who have published 54240 publications receiving 1455416 citations. The organization is also known as: University Aix-Marseille & université d'Aix-Marseille.
Topics: Population, Galaxy, Context (language use), Redshift, Medicine
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
Daniel J. Klionsky1, Fábio Camargo Abdalla2, Hagai Abeliovich3, Robert T. Abraham4 +1284 more•Institutions (463)
TL;DR: These guidelines are presented for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
4,316 citations
••
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital1, University of Edinburgh2, Singapore Immunology Network3, New York University4, University College London5, Heidelberg University6, University of Oxford7, Royal Melbourne Hospital8, Hospital for Special Surgery9, University of Milan10, Aix-Marseille University11, University of Maryland, College Park12, European Institute of Oncology13, Massachusetts Institute of Technology14, University of Bonn15, University of Maryland, Baltimore16, University of Eastern Piedmont17, University of Louisville18, Vrije Universiteit Brussel19, National Institutes of Health20
TL;DR: A set of standards encompassing three principles-the source of macrophages, definition of the activators, and a consensus collection of markers to describe macrophage activation are described with the goal of unifying experimental standards for diverse experimental scenarios.
4,287 citations
••
TL;DR: Hydroxychloroquine treatment is significantly associated with viral load reduction/disappearance in COVID-19 patients and its effect is reinforced by azithromycin, which was significantly more efficient for virus elimination.
4,213 citations
••
Institut Gustave Roussy1, University of South Florida2, University of Tübingen3, University of Paris4, Université catholique de Louvain5, Aix-Marseille University6, National Health Service7, University of Kiel8, McGill University9, University of Barcelona10, MedImmune11, Bristol-Myers Squibb12, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center13
TL;DR: Ipilimumab (at a dose of 10 mg per kilogram) in combination with dacarbazine, as compared with dACarbazine plus placebo, improved overall survival in patients with previously untreated metastatic melanoma.
Abstract: A B S T R AC T Background Ipilimumab monotherapy (at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram of body weight), as compared with glycoprotein 100, improved overall survival in a phase 3 study involving patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma. We conducted a phase 3 study of ipilimumab (10 mg per kilogram) plus dacarbazine in patients with previously untreated metastatic melanoma. Methods We randomly assigned 502 patients with previously untreated metastatic melanoma, in a 1:1 ratio, to ipilimumab (10 mg per kilogram) plus dacarbazine (850 mg per square meter of body-surface area) or dacarbazine (850 mg per square meter) plus placebo, given at weeks 1, 4, 7, and 10, followed by dacarbazine alone every 3 weeks through week 22. Patients with stable disease or an objective response and no doselimiting toxic effects received ipilimumab or placebo every 12 weeks thereafter as maintenance therapy. The primary end point was overall survival. Results Overall survival was significantly longer in the group receiving ipilimumab plus dacarbazine than in the group receiving dacarbazine plus placebo (11.2 months vs. 9.1 months, with higher survival rates in the ipilimumab–dacarbazine group at 1 year (47.3% vs. 36.3%), 2 years (28.5% vs. 17.9%), and 3 years (20.8% vs. 12.2%) (hazard ratio for death, 0.72; P<0.001). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 56.3% of patients treated with ipilimumab plus dacarbazine, as compared with 27.5% treated with dacarbazine and placebo (P<0.001). No drug-related deaths or gastrointestinal perforations occurred in the ipilimumab–dacarbazine group. Conclusions Ipilimumab (at a dose of 10 mg per kilogram) in combination with dacarbazine, as compared with dacarbazine plus placebo, improved overall survival in patients with previously untreated metastatic melanoma. The types of adverse events were consistent with those seen in prior studies of ipilimumab; however, the rates of elevated liver-function values were higher and the rates of gastrointestinal events were lower than expected on the basis of prior studies. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00324155.)
4,069 citations
••
Cornell University1, University of Colorado Denver2, Aix-Marseille University3, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust4, University of Michigan5, Swansea University6, German Cancer Research Center7, Cross Cancer Institute8, University of Zurich9, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre10, Netherlands Cancer Institute11, University of Sydney12, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven13, Complutense University of Madrid14, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre15, University of Paris16, University of Melbourne17, Northwestern University18, Bristol-Myers Squibb19, University of Duisburg-Essen20
TL;DR: Among patients with advanced melanoma, significantly longer overall survival occurred with combination therapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab or with n ivolumAB alone than with ipil optimumab alone.
Abstract: BackgroundNivolumab combined with ipilimumab resulted in longer progression-free survival and a higher objective response rate than ipilimumab alone in a phase 3 trial involving patients with advanced melanoma. We now report 3-year overall survival outcomes in this trial. MethodsWe randomly assigned, in a 1:1:1 ratio, patients with previously untreated advanced melanoma to receive nivolumab at a dose of 1 mg per kilogram of body weight plus ipilimumab at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram every 3 weeks for four doses, followed by nivolumab at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram every 2 weeks; nivolumab at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram every 2 weeks plus placebo; or ipilimumab at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram every 3 weeks for four doses plus placebo, until progression, the occurrence of unacceptable toxic effects, or withdrawal of consent. Randomization was stratified according to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status, BRAF mutation status, and metastasis stage. The two primary end points were progression-free survival a...
3,794 citations
Authors
Showing all 24784 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Didier Raoult | 173 | 3267 | 153016 |
Andrea Bocci | 172 | 2402 | 176461 |
Marc Humbert | 149 | 1184 | 100577 |
Carlo Rovelli | 146 | 1502 | 103550 |
Marc Besancon | 143 | 1799 | 106869 |
Jian Yang | 142 | 1818 | 111166 |
Josh Moss | 139 | 1019 | 89255 |
Maksym Titov | 139 | 1573 | 128335 |
Bernard Henrissat | 139 | 593 | 100002 |
R. D. Kass | 138 | 1920 | 107907 |
Stylianos E. Antonarakis | 138 | 746 | 93605 |
Jean-Paul Kneib | 138 | 805 | 89287 |
Brad Abbott | 137 | 1566 | 98604 |
Shu Li | 136 | 1001 | 78390 |
Georges Aad | 135 | 1121 | 88811 |