Albion College

About: Albion College is a education organization based out in Albion, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Higher education. The organization has 485 authors who have published 754 publications receiving 20907 citations.

Developmental Changes in Adolescents' Guilt and Shame: The Role of Family Climate and Gender.

Abstract: To explore the relationship between family closeness and self-conscious emotions (i.e., guilt, shame) across adolescence, eighth-grade, tenth-grade, and first-semester college students completed a demographics questionnaire, the Test of Self-Conscious Affect, and the Family Closeness Questionnaire. Results revealed that adolescents from divorced/separated families and those from intact families did not differ in their reported levels of shame or guilt. Guilt increased with age, but the developmental progression of shame varied by gender. Girls reported more guilt and shame than did boys. Examination of family closeness revealed that guilt was positively correlated with mother, father, and sibling closeness for boys and girls. Shame was unrelated to family closeness except girls' shame scores correlated with sibling-closeness and guilt-free shame was related to boys' father-closeness. These findings point to the importance of family closeness, and particularly of opposite-gender parent-child relationships as well as sibling relationships, in adolescents' guilt-proneness. Although there has been a great deal of focus on shame and guilt in clinical settings, little is known about its role in normative development in families with adolescents. Normative development in families refers to healthy development of personal and interpersonal relationships between family members and each member with him or herself. There are many family factors than affect normative development such as parenting styles, number of siblings, family structure (e.g., intact, divorced, separated), conflict, and closeness. Understanding the relationship of shame and guilt to these factors may lead to a clearer understanding of the development of individuals within the family. For instance, Scheff (1995) argues that family conflict typically arises from unresolved or latent feelings of shame. Shame, therefore, can indirectly cause family members to have more frequent conflict and decrease the closeness in family relationships. Scheff's theory places shame in the context of the overall emotional climate of the family. Other theorists have argued that self-conscious emotions (e.g., shame, guilt, pride) are influenced by parenting practices. For instance, there is evidence suggesting that inductive, or empathy-based, parental discipline results in healthy, moderate feelings of guilt in children (Baumeister, 1998; Hoffman, 1998). Some guilt, therefore, is a healthy outcome of family factors such as parenting styles. Likewise, children are more prone to experience moderate levels of guilt in families where parent-child relationships are secure and affectionate, and where the parent is responsive to the child's temperament (Hoffman, 1998). The present study was designed to investigate the impact of family factors, specifically closeness with mother, father, and siblings, on adolescents' normative experiences of guilt and shame. Research about the relationship between family factors, guilt, and shame is primarily limited to early and middle childhood. It is unclear if these relationships extend into adolescence. Research also suggests that age and gender are associated with the experience of shame and guilt. For instance, gender differences in guilt tend to be inconsistent during childhood, decrease at the onset of adolescence, and then increase in late adolescence (Bybee, 1998). However, in adolescence and adulthood, females generally have stronger feelings of guilt and shame than do males (Bybee, 1998). Additionally, research fails to address how family structure, such as parents' marital status, might affect the relationship between family factors and guilt and shame. Indeed, few researchers have examined the relationship between family climate and proneness to feelings of guilt and shame among adolescents. Researchers and theorists often use the terms guilt and shame interchangeably. However, a growing body of research has demonstrated their unique qualities (Tangney & Dearing, 2002). …

Death anxiety as a function of aging anxiety.

Abstract: To assess how different facets of aging anxiety contributed to the prediction of tangible and existential death anxiety, 167 Americans of various Christian denominations completed a battery of questionnaires. Multiple regression analyses, controlling for demographic variables and previously demonstrated predictors of death anxiety, revealed that the aging anxiety dimensions of physical appearance concern and fear of losses each positively predicted tangible death anxiety. In addition, the aging anxiety dimension of fear of losses predicted existential death anxiety. Results are discussed with respect to the multifaceted nature of death anxiety and how different forms of aging anxiety contribute to anxieties about death.

Lucas' theorem for prime powers

Abstract: Lucas' theorem on binomial coefficients states that ( A B ) ≡ ( a r b r ) ⋯ ( a 1 b 1 ) ( a 0 b 0 ) (mod p) where p is a prime and A = arpr + ⋯ + a0p + a0, B = brpr + ⋯ + b1p + b0 + are the p-adic expansions of A and B. If s ⩾ 2, it is shown that a similar formula holds modulo ps where the product involves a slightly modified binomial coefficient evaluated on blocks of s digits.w

Strain Heterogeneity and Damage Nucleation at Grain Boundaries during Monotonic Deformation in Commercial Purity Titanium

Abstract: Heterogeneous strain was analyzed in polycrystalline, commercial-purity titanium using many experimental techniques that provide information about microstructure, dislocation arrangement, grain orientation, orientation gradients, surface topography, and local strain gradients. The recrystallized microstructure with 50–200 µm grains was extensively characterized before and after deformation using 4-point bending to strains between 2% and 15%. Extremely heterogeneous deformation occurred along some grain boundaries, leading to orientation gradients exceeding 10° over 10–20 µm. Patches of highly characterized micro-structure were modeled using crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) analysis to simulate the deformation to evaluate the ability of the CPFE model to capture local deformation processes. Damage nucleation events were identified that are associated with twin interactions with grain boundaries. Progress toward identifying fracture initiation criteria based upon slip and twin interactions with grain boundaries is illustrated with related CPFE simulations of deformation in a TiAl alloy.

Mapping Wolbachia distributions in the adult Drosophila brain

Abstract: Summary The maternally inherited bacterium Wolbachia infects the germline of most arthropod species. Using Drosophila simulans and D. melanogaster, we demonstrate that localization of Wolbachia to the fat bodies and adult brain is likely also a con- served feature of Wolbachia infection. Examina- tion of three Wolbachia strains (WMel ,W Riv ,W Pop) revealed that the bacteria preferentially concen- trate in the central brain with low titres in the optic lobes. Distribution within regions of the central brain is largely determined by the Wolbachia strain, while the titre is influenced by both, the host species and the bacteria strain. In neurons of the central brain and ventral nerve cord, Wolbachia preferentially localizes to the neuronal cell bodies but not to axons. All examined Wolbachia strains are present intracellularly or in extracellular clus- ters, with the pathogenic WPop strain exhibiting the largest and most abundant clusters. We also dis- covered that 16 of 40 lines from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel are Wolbachia infected. Direct comparison of Wolbachia infected and cured lines from this panel reveals that differences in physiological traits (chill coma recovery, starva- tion, longevity) are partially due to host line influ- ences. In addition, a tetracycline-induced increase in Drosophila longevity was detected many gen- erations after treatment.