Government of Canada

About: Government of Canada is a government organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Monetary policy & Productivity. The organization has 796 authors who have published 886 publications receiving 21366 citations. The organization is also known as: federal government of Canada & Her Majesty's Government.

Evidence for European presence in the Americas in ad 1021

Abstract: Transatlantic exploration took place centuries before the crossing of Columbus. Physical evidence for early European presence in the Americas can be found in Newfoundland, Canada1,2. However, it has thus far not been possible to determine when this activity took place3–5. Here we provide evidence that the Vikings were present in Newfoundland in ad 1021. We overcome the imprecision of previous age estimates by making use of the cosmic-ray-induced upsurge in atmospheric radiocarbon concentrations in ad 993 (ref. 6). Our new date lays down a marker for European cognisance of the Americas, and represents the first known point at which humans encircled the globe. It also provides a definitive tie point for future research into the initial consequences of transatlantic activity, such as the transference of knowledge, and the potential exchange of genetic information, biota and pathologies7,8. Precise dating of wooden artefacts at a Norse settlement in Newfoundland establishes that the Norse were in the Americas in ad 1021.

Monetary Aggregates as Targets: Some Theoretical Aspects

Abstract: In the mid-1970s the Bank of Canada, along with a number of other central banks, began to set explicit targets for monetary growth and to emphasize the long-run role of monetary aggregates in controlling the rapid upward trend of prices. There are three distinct ways of viewing and interpreting a policy of setting growth targets for monetary aggregates. The first is associated with the work of William Poole, the second is derived from the reduced-form model initially developed at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, and the third, which the author has labeled the feedback- rule approach, is related to the techniques developed within central banks to implement the policy of monetary targeting. In this paper the author sets forth the logic and examines the implications of these three methods when the principal aim of policy is reducing the rate of inflation. He also examines the question of gradualist versus "cold-shower" policies and the criteria for selecting a monetary aggregate as a policy target.

Effects of cadmium on foraging behaviour of lake charr, Salvelinus namaycush

Abstract: Foraging behaviour of lake charr, Salvelinus namaycush, exposed to 0.5 and 5.0 μg l−1 cadmium concentrations for 106–112 d, was examined in a flow-through stream channel using fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, as prey. Five modes of foraging behaviour were observed and quantified (ending at fixate-orient; ending at approach and/or chase; ending at failed attack; ending at capture and loss; successful consumption). Each mode represented an increasingly progressive end-point from initial sighting of the prey to final consumption. Compared to controls., 0.5 μg l−1 Cd-exposed predators captured significantly fewer prey, while 5 μg l−1 Cd-exposed predators made fewer attacks. Both Cd-exposed groups consumed fewer prey than controls.

The Efficacy of Collaborative Learning Recitation Sessions on Student Outcomes

Abstract: We investigate the efficacy of Collaborative Learning Recitation Sessions on Students Outcome. A quasi-randomized experiment is conducted on two large introductory microeconomics class sections at Indiana University’s Bloomington-Indiana campus in the Fall 2009 semester. Program evaluation methods are used to compute the treatment effect of students participating in Collaborative Learning. We find an average treatment effect in the range of 4.6 to 4.9 percent on the raw final grade. This translates to a grade change i.e., B to B plus.

A modified tape-peel technique for preparing permanent qualitative microfossil slides

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of permanent microfossil mounts directly transferred from the surface of frozen lake sediment cores. Particulate material is transferred from the freeze dried vertical surfaces of frozen cores and on to microscope slides using transparent adhesive tape and contact cement. The contact cement and organic matter are then removed by combustion and chemical means and the isolated siliceous microfossils fixed in a permanent mounting resin. The technique produces slides with undisturbed sediment stratigraphy and excellent optical quality and permits the study of core microstratigraphy using high resolution phase or interference contrast microscopy.