Government of Canada

About: Government of Canada is a government organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Monetary policy & Productivity. The organization has 796 authors who have published 886 publications receiving 21366 citations. The organization is also known as: federal government of Canada & Her Majesty's Government.

Simultaneous determination of fenitrothion and aminocarb in blueberry foliage and fruits: Application to the analysis of residues in field samples

Abstract: Samples of blueberry foliage and fruits were collected from spray blocks in Ontario after aerial application of fenitrothion and aminocarb at dosage rates of 210 g active ingredient (AI)/ha and 70 g AI/ha respectively. Residues were extracted from the samples by homogenizing with ethyl acetate, cleaned up by microcolumn chromatography using alumina as adsorbent, and analyzed by GLC‐AFID with a glass column packed with 1.5% OV‐17 and 1.95% OV‐210 on 80–100 mesh Chromosorb W‐HP. Average recoveries for fenitrothion and aminocarb from foliage at three fortification levels (1.0, 0.10 and 0.01 ppm) were respectively 99 and 96%. The corresponding values for the fruits were 99 and 95%. Foliage samples collected 1 h post‐spray contained on average 1.13 ppm of fe‐nitrothion and 1.14 ppm of aminocarb. However, residue levels reached below the detection limit (<0.01 ppm) in foliage collected 15 d after treatment. In addition, the fruit samples collected after 15 d post‐spray contained extremely low levels (0...

Domestic and Multilateral Effects of Capital Controls in Emerging Markets

Abstract: Using a novel dataset on changes in capital controls and currency-based prudential measures in 17 major emerging market economies (EMEs) over the period 2001-2011, this paper provides new evidence on domestic and spillover effects of capital controls before and after the global financial crisis. Our results, based on panel VARs on quarterly data, suggest that capital control actions do not allow countries to avoid the trade-offs of the monetary policy trilemma. Where they have a desired impact on the trilemma variables – net capital inflows, monetary policy autonomy and the exchange rate – the size of that impact is generally small. While we find some evidence of effectiveness before the global financial crisis, the usefulness of these measures weakened in the post-crisis environment of abundant global liquidity and relatively strong economic growth in EMEs. Our results also show that capital control policies can have unintended consequences, as resident outflows offset the impact of capital control actions on gross inflows (or vice versa). These findings highlight the importance of the macroeconomic context and of the increasing role of resident flows in understanding the effectiveness of capital inflow management. Using panel near-VARs, we find significant spillovers of capital control actions in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) to other EMEs during the 2000s. Spillover effects were more important in the aftermath of the global financial crisis than before the crisis, and arose from inflow tightening actions, rather than outflow easing measures. The channels through which these policies spilled over to other countries were exchange rates as well as capital flows (especially cross-border bank lending). Spillovers seem to be more prevalent in Latin America than in Asia, reflecting the greater role of cross-border banking and more open capital accounts in the former countries. These results are robust to various specifications of our models.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.

Growth and differentiation of the secondary palate in a teleostean fish, oncorhynchus kisutch

Abstract: A study was undertaken to examine the growth and differentiation of secondary palate in a teleostean fish, Oncorhynchus kisutch The rate, pattern, and time of synthesis of various macromolecules, which play a crucial role during palate development in higher vertebrates were examined in the developing palate of fish A spurt in DNA synthesis during midmorphogenesis of fish palate appeared to be related to temporal regulation of palate development RNA synthesis was high during the time of primordial appearance and increased again from day 4 post hatching (PH) to correspond with differentiation of palate Protein synthesis remained low initially but its trend paralleled that of RNA synthesis after day 4 PH Glycosaminoglycan synthesis increased initially with the cartilaginous growth and then with the appearance of mucous cells An increase in collagen synthesis corresponded with the thickening of collagen layer in the basement membrance Cyclic AMP activity increased initially prior to the increase in DNA synthesis and subsequently remained high indicating its involvement in both growth and differentiation of fish palate These profiles of synthesis of various macromolecules in teleostean fish differ considerably from that seen in higher vertebrates On the basis of comparative analysis, it was suggested that the timing of mesenchymal differentiation may be one of the features in determining the characteristics of palate development in different classes of vertebrates © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc