Government of Canada

About: Government of Canada is a government organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Monetary policy & Productivity. The organization has 796 authors who have published 886 publications receiving 21366 citations. The organization is also known as: federal government of Canada & Her Majesty's Government.

Fabrication of fused twin biconical taper singlemode fiber splitters: effect of unequal cladding diameters

Abstract: In this paper we report the results of an investigation of fused-biconical fiber splitters fabricated from fibers having unequal cladding diameters.

Modeling Both the Space and Place of Coastal Environments: Exploring an Approach for Developing Realistic Geovisualizations of Coastal Places

Abstract: Effective coastal planning incorporates the variety of user needs, values, and interests associated with coastal environments. This requires understanding how people relate to coastal environments as ‘places’, imbued with values and meanings, and accordingly, tools that can capture place and connect with people’s ‘sense of place’ have the potential for supporting effective coastal management strategies. Realistic, immersive geographical visualizations, i.e., geovisualizations, theoretically hold potential to serve such a role in coastal planning; however, significant research gaps exist around this application context. Firstly, place theory and geovisualizations are rarely explicitly linked in the same studies, leaving questions around how to model ‘coastal place', as well as coastal space. Secondly, geovisualization work has focused on terrestrial environments, and research on how to realistically model coastal places is currently in its infancy. The current study addresses the research gaps by developing a coastal geovisualization under place-based considerations, and then examining its capacity as a tool for connecting with people’s sense of place. The research uses Sidney Spit in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve (BC, Canada) as a study site, and a geovisualization was developed using a combination of ArcGIS, Adobe Photoshop, Trimble SketchUp, and Unity3D. Focus groups were assembled involving Parks Canada staff and Greater Victoria Area residents, and the geovisualization was assessed in terms of its representation of a real-world coastal place and ability for connecting with sense of place. Findings from the study indicate that the presence certain elements in coastal geovisualizations can contribute to realism and sense of place, such as people, dogs, birds, marine life, vegetation, and boats; however, simultaneously, deficiencies in numbers and varieties of these elements can detract from realism and sense of place. In addition, incorporation of soundscape and viewshed elements both demonstrated as significant to the tool’s ability to connect with sense of place, with the latter potentially being more significant among those with higher familiarity with the real-world place. Beach textures were also found to be important for the geovisualization’s ability to connect with sense of place; however, this ability can be compromised when running versions of the tool with lower graphical resolution.

An application of conjoint analysis to leisure research: cultural preferences in Canada.

Abstract: The paper outlines the usefulness of conjoint analysis for studying cultural and leisure preferences. The technique is advantageous because it permits one to make predictions about preferences, by ...

On the Role of the Chief Risk Officer and the Risk Committee in Insuring Financial Institutions Against Litigation

Abstract: Purpose: In most financial institutions, chief risk officers (CROs) and their risk management staff fulfill a role in managing risk exposures, yet their lack of involvement in the governance has been cited as an influential factor that contributed to the financial crisis of 2007-2008. Various legislative and regulatory bodies have pressured financial firms to improve their risk governance structures to better weather potential future crises. Assuming that CROs and risk committees are given sufficient power to influence the corporate governance of financial institutions, can CROs and risk committees protect financial institutions from violating litigable securities law? Can they improve bank performance?Design/methodology: We employ a principal component analysis to construct a single measure that captures various aspects of risk management in a firm. We compare the risk governance characteristics of sued firms with their non-sued peers and consider one of the final outcomes of risky behavior: shareholder litigation. We compute ROA and buy-and-hold abnormal returns to capture operating and stock performance and examine whether risk governance improves bank performance by reducing litigation risk.Findings: Proper risk governance reduces a firm’s litigation probability. The addition of our risk management factor to models that have been previously proposed in the literature improves the accuracy of those models in identifying companies that are most susceptible to class action lawsuits. Better risk management improves the financial and stock price performance of financial institutions.Research limitations/implications: The data collection is laborious as the information about CRO governance has to be hand-collected from the 10K report. A broader sample employing, e.g., non-U.S. banks may provide additional insights into the relationship between risk management practices, shareholder litigation, and bank performance.Practical implications: Our study shows that a bank’s risk management functions play a critical role in improving bank and operating performance and in reducing shareholder litigation. Banks should emphasize the risk management function.Originality/value: This is the first study to examine the mechanism behind the positive association between risk management and bank performance. The study shows that better risk management improves overall bank performance by decreasing litigation risk.