ParisTech

About: ParisTech is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Finite element method & Residual stress. The organization has 1888 authors who have published 1965 publications receiving 55532 citations. The organization is also known as: Paris Institute of Technology & ParisTech Développement.

Modelling mechanical properties of spruce and Douglas fir timber by means of X-ray and grain angle measurements for strength grading purpose

Abstract: This study proposes a model using data from a scanner (X-ray and grain angle measurements) to perform strength grading. The research also includes global measurements of modulus of elasticity (obtained by vibrations and ultrasound methods), static bending stiffness and bending strength of 805 boards of Douglas fir and 437 boards of spruce. This model can be used in an industrial context since it requires low computational time. The results of this study show that the developed model gives better results than the global non-destructive measurements of the elastic modulus commonly used in the industry. It also shows that this improvement is particularly higher in the case of Douglas fir than for spruce. The comparison has been made on both the quality of the mechanical properties assessment and on the improvement of the grading process according to the European standards by using different index.

SARA: Security Automotive Risk Analysis Method

Abstract: Connected and automated vehicles aim to improve the comfort and the safety of the driver and passengers. To this end, car manufacturers continually improve actual standardized methods to ensure their customers safety, privacy, and vehicles security. However, these methods do not support fully autonomous vehicles, linkability and confusion threats. To address such gaps, we propose a systematic threat analysis and risk assessment framework, SARA, which comprises an improved threat model, a new attack method/asset map, the involvement of the attacker in the attack tree, and a new driving system observation metric. Finally, we demonstrate its feasibility in assessing risk with two use cases: Vehicle Tracking and Comfortable Emergency Brake Failure.

Intercropping frost-sensitive legume crops with winter oilseed rape reduces weed competition, insect damage, and improves nitrogen use efficiency

Abstract: Mixing plant species in agroecosystems is highlighted as an agroecological solution to reduce pesticides and fertilizers while maintaining profitability. In the French context, intercropping frost-sensitive legume crops with winter oilseed rape is potentially interesting and began to be implemented by farmers. In this study we aimed at measuring the services and disservices of this intercrop with three different legume mixtures, in terms of growth and yield for rapeseed, ground cover of weeds in autumn and damage caused by rape winter stem weevil. The experiment was carried out at four sites from 2011 to 2014. We showed higher total aerial dry weights and total aerial nitrogen contents in the intercrops compared to sole winter oilseed rape in November. The companion plants contributed to the control of weeds and the mitigation of rape winter stem weevil damage, notably through the increase in the total aerial weight. In spring, after destruction of the companion plants, the intercrops had partially compensated a reduction in the N fertilization rate (–30 kg per hectare) in terms of aerial nitrogen content in rapeseed, with no consequences on the yield which was maintained or even increased. There were probably other interactions such as an improvement in rapeseed root exploration. The consequences were an increase in the nitrogen use efficiency in intercrops. The intercrop with faba bean and lentil showed the best results in terms of autumn growth, weed control, reduction in rape winter stem weevil damage, and rapeseed N content in spring and yield. Intercropping frost-sensitive legume crops with winter oilseed rape is thus a promising way to reconcile yield and reduction in pesticides and fertilizer use and perhaps to benefit more widely to the cropping system.