ParisTech

About: ParisTech is a education organization based out in Paris, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Finite element method & Residual stress. The organization has 1888 authors who have published 1965 publications receiving 55532 citations. The organization is also known as: Paris Institute of Technology & ParisTech Développement.

Genotypic differences in architectural and physiological responses to water restriction in rose bush

Abstract: The shape and, therefore, the architecture of the plant are dependent on genetic and environmental factors such as water supply. The architecture determines the visual quality, a key criterion underlying the decision to purchase an ornamental potted plant. The aim of this study was to analyze genotypic responses of eight rose bush cultivars to alternation of water restriction and re-watering periods, with soil water potential of -20kPa and -10 kPa respectively. Responses were evaluated at the architectural level through 3D digitalization using six architectural variables and at the physiological level by measuring stomatal conductance, water content, hormones (abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinins, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid), sugars (sucrose, fructose and glucose) and proline. Highly significant genotype and watering effects were revealed for all the architectural variables measured, as well as genotype x watering interaction, with three distinct genotypic architectural responses to water restriction - weak, moderate and strong - represented by Hw336, ‘Baipome’ and ‘The Fairy’, respectively. The physiological analysis explained, at least in part, the more moderate architectural response of ‘Baipome’ compared to ‘The Fairy’, but not that of Hw336 which is an interspecific hybrid. Such physiological responses could be related to: (i) the maintenance of the stimulation of budbreak and photosynthetic activity in ‘Baipome’ during water restriction periods due to a higher concentration in conjugated cytokinins (cCK) and to a lower concentration in salicylic acid (SA); (ii) a better resumption of budbreak during the re-watering periods due to a lower concentration in abscisic acid (ABA) during this period. When associated with the six architectural descriptors, cCK, SA and ABA, which explained the genotypic differences in this study, could be used as selection criteria for breeding programs aimed at improving plant shape and tolerance to water restriction.

BaAnIV(PO4)2 (AnIV = Th, Np) – A New Family of Layered Double Phosphates

Abstract: BaTh(PO4)2 has been synthesized by a wet chemistry route and the new isotype BaNp(PO4)2 by solid-state reaction. Although the former has been the subject of several studies since the early 1980s, the crystal structures of both compounds are reported here for the first time. Rietveld analysis shows Ba layers alternating with An(PO4)2 slabs along the a axis. Although those compounds are isostructural to RbEu(SO4)2, these phosphates can be seen as modified yavapaiite derivatives with increased coordination numbers for Ba (XIV) and Th/Np (VIII). Raman and electron absorption spectra highlight the similarities and differences with chemically related compounds.

Design Considerations of Five-Phase Machine With Double p/3p Polarity

Abstract: In the context of traction drives with required torque transient capabilities and a classically wide flux weakening speed range, this paper gives design considerations of a particular double-polarity (DP) five-phase machine. Beyond its intrinsic fault tolerance due to its five phases, its specificity is the ability to develop torques of comparable values under three kinds of supply: with only first, third or both first, and third sinusoidal currents. This property, due to first $(E_{1})$ and third $(E_{3})$ harmonic electromotive forces of comparable values, gives more degrees of freedom for the control of the machine. Unlike three-phase sinusoidal machine, flux weakening is no more the unique solution when maximum voltage is reached. Thanks to the extra degrees of freedom in this kind of machines, more possibilities for the control of the torque and current supply can be applied. At first, elements for the choice of slots/poles combination of such DP machines are given. Then, in the case of an interior permanent magnet synchronous machine, possible adaptations of the rotor are proposed in order to bring the double p/3p polarity property. The last design criterion considered is the level of eddy-current losses, important at high frequencies. For the proof of the concept effectiveness, a prototype with a five-phase fractional-slot concentrated winding of 40 slots and 16/48 poles is presented with results from the experimental setup and finite element modeling. A comparison with the equivalent no-fault-tolerant three-phase 24 slots/16 poles machines is also carried out.