San Diego State University

About: San Diego State University is a education organization based out in San Diego, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 12418 authors who have published 27950 publications receiving 1192375 citations. The organization is also known as: SDSU & San Diego State College.

House-to-house human movement drives dengue virus transmission

Abstract: Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease of growing global health importance. Prevention efforts focus on mosquito control, with limited success. New insights into the spatiotemporal drivers of dengue dynamics are needed to design improved disease-prevention strategies. Given the restricted range of movement of the primary mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, local human movements may be an important driver of dengue virus (DENV) amplification and spread. Using contact-site cluster investigations in a case-control design, we demonstrate that, at an individual level, risk for human infection is defined by visits to places where contact with infected mosquitoes is likely, independent of distance from the home. Our data indicate that house-to-house human movements underlie spatial patterns of DENV incidence, causing marked heterogeneity in transmission rates. At a collective level, transmission appears to be shaped by social connections because routine movements among the same places, such as the homes of family and friends, are often similar for the infected individual and their contacts. Thus, routine, house-to-house human movements do play a key role in spread of this vector-borne pathogen at fine spatial scales. This finding has important implications for dengue prevention, challenging the appropriateness of current approaches to vector control. We argue that reexamination of existing paradigms regarding the spatiotemporal dynamics of DENV and other vector-borne pathogens, especially the importance of human movement, will lead to improvements in disease prevention.

Validation of interviewer- and self-administered physical activity checklists for fifth grade students.

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to evaluate two physical activity recall instruments appropriate for use in epidemiologic studies of fifth grade children. The instruments were similar, except one (PACI) was administered in a personal interview, and the other (SAPAC) was self-completed in a group setting. Both forms required children to report the minutes during the previous day they spent in 21 common physical activities that represented a range of intensities, plus sedentary pursuits. To validate the recalls, children simultaneously wore an accelerometer (motion sensor) and a heart rate monitor for at least 8 h the day before the interview. Subjects were 55 boys and 70 girls from four regions of the United States. The Pearson correlation between the self- and interviewer-administered forms was 0.76 (P < 0.001). The interviewer-administered form correlated 0.51 (P < 0.001) with the heart rate index and 0.33 (P < 0.001) with the accelerometer score. The self-administered form correlated 0.57 (P < 0.001) with the heart rate index and 0.30 (P < 0.001) with the accelerometer score. It is concluded that both self-report forms received moderate support for their validity in all gender and ethnic subgroups. The self-administered format is more cost-effective.

Incidence of Contralateral and Ipsilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury After Primary ACL Reconstruction and Return to Sport

Abstract: Objective Incidence rate (IR) of an ipsilateral or contralateral injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is unknown. The hypotheses were that the IR of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury after ACLR would be greater than the IR in an uninjured cohort of athletes and would be greater in female athletes after ACLR than male athletes.

Statistics of spectra of disordered systems near the metal-insulator transition

Abstract: We study the nearest-level-spacing distribution function P(s) in a disordered system near the metal-insulator transition. We claim that in the limit of an infinite system there are only three possible functions P(s): Wigner surmise ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{W}}$(s) in a metal, Poisson law ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{P}}$(s) in an insulator, and a third one ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{T}}$(s), exactly at the transition. The function ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{T}}$ is an interesting hybrid of ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{W}}$(s) and ${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{P}}$(s), it has the small-s behavior of the former and the large-s behavior of the latter one. A scaling theory of critical behavior of P(s) in finite samples is proposed and verified numerically.

A review and critique of emotional intelligence measures.

Abstract: Summary Emotional intelligence measures vary widely in both their content and in their method of assessment. In particular, emotional intelligence measures tend to use either a self-report personality-based approach, an informant approach, or an ability-based assessment procedure. In this paper, the measurement and psychometric properties of four of the major emotional intelligence measures (Emotional Competence Inventory, Emotional Quotient Inventory, Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale, Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test) are reviewed, the comparability of these measures is examined, and some conclusions and suggestions for future research on emotional intelligence measures are provided. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.