San Diego State University

About: San Diego State University is a education organization based out in San Diego, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 12418 authors who have published 27950 publications receiving 1192375 citations. The organization is also known as: SDSU & San Diego State College.

Genetic Diversity and Association Studies in US Hispanic/Latino Populations: Applications in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Abstract: US Hispanic/Latino individuals are diverse in genetic ancestry, culture, and environmental exposures. Here, we characterized and controlled for this diversity in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). We simultaneously estimated population-structure principal components (PCs) robust to familial relatedness and pairwise kinship coefficients (KCs) robust to population structure, admixture, and Hardy-Weinberg departures. The PCs revealed substantial genetic differentiation within and among six self-identified background groups (Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Mexican, and Central and South American). To control for variation among groups, we developed a multi-dimensional clustering method to define a "genetic-analysis group" variable that retains many properties of self-identified background while achieving substantially greater genetic homogeneity within groups and including participants with non-specific self-identification. In GWASs of 22 biomedical traits, we used a linear mixed model (LMM) including pairwise empirical KCs to account for familial relatedness, PCs for ancestry, and genetic-analysis groups for additional group-associated effects. Including the genetic-analysis group as a covariate accounted for significant trait variation in 8 of 22 traits, even after we fit 20 PCs. Additionally, genetic-analysis groups had significant heterogeneity of residual variance for 20 of 22 traits, and modeling this heteroscedasticity within the LMM reduced genomic inflation for 19 traits. Furthermore, fitting an LMM that utilized a genetic-analysis group rather than a self-identified background group achieved higher power to detect previously reported associations. We expect that the methods applied here will be useful in other studies with multiple ethnic groups, admixture, and relatedness.

Automated real-time structure health monitoring via signature pattern recognition

Abstract: C. LiangDept. of Mechanical EngineeringSan Diego State UniversitySan Diego, CA 92182-0191ABSTRACTDescribed in this paper are the details of an automated real-time structure health monitoring system. The system is based onstructural signature pattern recognition. It uses an array ofpiezoceramic (PZ1) patches bonded to the structure as integratedsensor-actuators, an electric impedance analyzer for structural frequency response function (FRF) acquisition and a PC forcontrol and graphic display. An assembled 3-bay truss structure is employed as a test bed. Two issues, the localization ofsensing area and the sensor temperature drift, which are Critical for the sneess of this technique are addressed and a novelapproach of providing temperature compensation using probability correlation function is presentecL Due to the negligibleweight and size of the solid-state sensor array and its ability to sense incipient-type damage, the system can eventually beimplemented on many types of structures such as aircraft, spacecraft, large-span dome roof and steel bridges requiring multi-location and real-time health monitoring1. INTRODUCTIONNondestructive evaluation of structural integrity, or health monitoring, of important structures, such as truss-based sceframe, is of great interest to civil and spae engineering community. To date, many approahes based on modal analysis, orsystem identification have been investigated to assess the damage of a working truss. Most of them explore the fact thatdamage to truss member or its connections generally leads to changes in the modal stiffness matrix of the structure23 Yet,few of them exhibit engineering feasibility because of the low reliability in locating the damage and the requirement ofcomplicated modeling, intensive computation and sophisticated instrumentation.Examination of the mechanical impedance of a structure at the location of interest and comparing it with pre-saved data base

I Am, I Think I Can, and I Do: The Role of Personal Identity, Self-Efficacy, and Cross-Application of Experiences in Creativity at Work

Abstract: This study examined creativity at work by considering a new construct, creative personal identity, in conjunction with creative self-efficacy and a problem-solving strategy. Results of a field study suggested that creative personal identity explained variance in creativity at work above and beyond creative self-efficacy, but that the two did not interact. Results also indicated support for the interaction of the self-concept and a problem-solving strategy. The positive relationship between creative personal identity and creativity at work was stronger when individuals applied nonwork experiences in efforts to solve work-related problems.

Linear Preserver Problems

Abstract: Linear preserver problems is an active research area in matrix and operator theory. These problems involve certain linear operators on spaces of matrices or operators. We give a general introduction to the subject in this article. In the first three sections, we discuss motivation, results, and problems. In the last three sections, we describe some techniques, outline a few proofs, and discuss some exceptional results. 1. EXAMPLES AND TYPICAL PROBLEMS. Let Mm,n be the set of m × n complex matrices, and let Mn = Mn,n. Suppose that M, N ∈ Mn satisfy det( MN ) = 1. Then the mapping φ : Mn → Mn given by

Physical Activity Levels and Prompts in Young Children at Recess: A Two-Year Study of a Bi-Ethnic Sample

Abstract: We investigated physical activity and encouragement for activity in a bi-ethnic cohort during recess. Activity and associated interactions of 287 children were recorded at preschool and again 2.2 years later. Children expended nearly twice as much energy at preschool recess than at elementary recess. Activity levels declined as recess time elapsed. At preschool, European-American children engaged in more moderate to vigorous activity than Mexican-Americans. As participants moved to elementary school, teachers' prompts to be active decreased and prompts from peers increased. Boys and girls received similar amounts of activity prompts at preschool, but prompts to boys increased over time. The findings suggest that school environments could be altered to promote healthful physical activity among young children.