Université de Sherbrooke

About: Université de Sherbrooke is a education organization based out in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Receptor. The organization has 14922 authors who have published 28783 publications receiving 792511 citations. The organization is also known as: Universite de Sherbrooke & Sherbrooke University.

Botrytis cinerea Manipulates the Antagonistic Effects between Immune Pathways to Promote Disease Development in Tomato

Abstract: Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense and respond to pathogen attacks. Resistance against necrotrophic pathogens generally requires the activation of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, whereas the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway is mainly activated against biotrophic pathogens. SA can antagonize JA signaling and vice versa. Here, we report that the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea exploits this antagonism as a strategy to cause disease development. We show that B. cinerea produces an exopolysaccharide, which acts as an elicitor of the SA pathway. In turn, the SA pathway antagonizes the JA signaling pathway, thereby allowing the fungus to develop its disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SA-promoted disease development occurs through Nonexpressed Pathogen Related1. We also show that the JA signaling pathway required for tomato resistance against B. cinerea is mediated by the systemin elicitor. These data highlight a new strategy used by B. cinerea to overcome the plant’s defense system and to spread within the host.

Molecular Classification of the PORTEC-3 Trial for High-Risk Endometrial Cancer: Impact on Prognosis and Benefit From Adjuvant Therapy

Abstract: PURPOSEThe randomized Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Radiotherapy Alone in Women With High-Risk Endometrial Cancer (PORTEC-3) trial investigated the benefit of combined adjuvant chemotherapy and...

Molecules in Laser Fields

Abstract: Current laser technology is capable of generating laser fields from the IR to visible wavelength regions in the form of well-tailored sequences of pulses with controllable phase and envelopes (pulse shape) [1–2]. Such pulses can be used for the efficient preparation of ensembles of atoms or molecules in specific states. This is of considerable interest not only in spectroscopy but also in studies of chemical dynamics [2–4]. Furthermore short pulses allow one to attain electric field strengths e (V cm-1) or equivalently laser intensities I (W/cm2) = ce 2 /8π (c = velocity of light) which are comparable or greater than atomic fields. An important consequence of the progress in this area is that one can greatly enhance radiative transition rates and even ionize molecules. Clearly strong field science and short pulse science are two fields which will become increasingly intertwined. Efficient rapid excitation requires increasingly higher intensities as can be seen from the simple example of a resonantly driven two-level system [6–7].

Adiponectin action from head to toe

Abstract: Adiponectin, the most abundant protein secreted by white adipose tissue, is known for its involvement in obesity-related disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Moreover, modulation of the circulating adiponectin concentration is observed in pathologies that are more or less obesity-related, such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. The wide distribution of adiponectin receptors in various organs and tissues suggests that adiponectin has pleiotropic effects on numerous physiological processes. Besides its well-known insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic properties, accumulating evidence suggests that adiponectin may also have anticancer properties and be cardioprotective. A beneficial effect of adiponectin on female reproductive function was also suggested. Since adiponectin has numerous beneficial biological functions, its use as a therapeutic agent has been suggested. However, the use of adiponectin or its receptors as therapeutic targets is complicated by the presence of different adiponectin oligomeric isoforms and production sites, by multiple receptors with differing affinities for adiponectin isoforms, and by cell-type-specific effects in different tissues. In this review, we discuss the known and potential roles of adiponectin in various tissues and pathologies. The therapeutic promise of administration of adiponectin and the use of its circulating levels as a diagnostic biomarker are further discussed based on the latest experimental studies.