Institution
University of Aberdeen
Education•Aberdeen, United Kingdom•
About: University of Aberdeen is a education organization based out in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 21174 authors who have published 49962 publications receiving 2105479 citations. The organization is also known as: Aberdeen University.
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University of Adelaide1, University of Sydney2, University of Cape Town3, University of Florence4, Oxford Brookes University5, University of Tübingen6, Autonomous University of Barcelona7, University of Mainz8, Pompeu Fabra University9, University of Oviedo10, Spanish National Research Council11, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences12, University of Warsaw13, Simon Fraser University14, University of Liverpool15, University of Aberdeen16
TL;DR: The shotgun-sequencing of ancient DNA from five specimens of Neanderthal calcified dental plaque is described and the characterization of regional differences in Neanderthal ecology is described, suggesting that meat consumption contributed to substantial variation within Neanderthal microbiota.
Abstract: Recent genomic data have revealed multiple interactions between Neanderthals and modern humans, but there is currently little genetic evidence regarding Neanderthal behaviour, diet, or disease. Here we describe the shotgun-sequencing of ancient DNA from five specimens of Neanderthal calcified dental plaque (calculus) and the characterization of regional differences in Neanderthal ecology. At Spy cave, Belgium, Neanderthal diet was heavily meat based and included woolly rhinoceros and wild sheep (mouflon), characteristic of a steppe environment. In contrast, no meat was detected in the diet of Neanderthals from El Sidron cave, Spain, and dietary components of mushrooms, pine nuts, and moss reflected forest gathering. Differences in diet were also linked to an overall shift in the oral bacterial community (microbiota) and suggested that meat consumption contributed to substantial variation within Neanderthal microbiota. Evidence for self-medication was detected in an El Sidron Neanderthal with a dental abscess and a chronic gastrointestinal pathogen (Enterocytozoon bieneusi). Metagenomic data from this individual also contained a nearly complete genome of the archaeal commensal Methanobrevibacter oralis (10.2× depth of coverage)-the oldest draft microbial genome generated to date, at around 48,000 years old. DNA preserved within dental calculus represents a notable source of information about the behaviour and health of ancient hominin specimens, as well as a unique system that is useful for the study of long-term microbial evolution.
358 citations
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TL;DR: This chapter focuses on the hemicelluloses of the Gramineae (grasses and cereals), which refers to all of the types of polysaccharide in the Gramineaae, other than celluloses, starches, and fructans.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the hemicelluloses of the Gramineae (grasses and cereals). The term “hemicelluloses” is also often extended to include certain carbohydrates in cereal endosperms—namely, non-starch polysaccharides. Hemicellulose refers to all of the types of polysaccharide in the Gramineae, other than celluloses, starches, and fructans. Hemicellulose chemistry has a vocabulary lacking invariant definitions, and insight into the nature of hemicelluloses has been gained by the work not only of chemists and biochemists but of applied scientists having research interests in animal nutrition, brewing, cereals, paper manufacture, and starch production. The chapter also discusses species and various tribes of Gramineae, isolation of hemicellulosimca materials and of pure hemicelluloses, and structural feature in hemicelluloses. The importance of knowledge about the hemicelluloses may be gauged by looking at the abundance of photosynthetically renewable grasses and bearing in mind that, apart from the materials in the seed, one third of their composition is hemicellulose.
357 citations
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TL;DR: The data indicate that synaptic inhibition onto PV+ interneurons is indispensable for theta- and its coupling to gamma oscillations but not for rhythmic gamma-activity in the hippocampus.
Abstract: Hippocampal theta (5–10 Hz) and gamma (35–85 Hz) oscillations depend on an inhibitory network of GABAergic interneurons. However, the lack of methods for direct and cell-type-specific interference with inhibition has prevented better insights that help link synaptic and cellular properties with network function. Here, we generated genetically modified mice (PV-Δγ2) in which synaptic inhibition was ablated in parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons. Hippocampal local field potential and unit recordings in the CA1 area of freely behaving mice revealed that theta rhythm was strongly reduced in these mice. The characteristic coupling of theta and gamma oscillations was strongly altered in PV-Δγ2 mice more than could be accounted for by the reduction in theta rhythm only. Surprisingly, gamma oscillations were not altered. These data indicate that synaptic inhibition onto PV+ interneurons is indispensable for theta- and its coupling to gamma oscillations but not for rhythmic gamma-activity in the hippocampus. Similar alterations in rhythmic activity were obtained in a computational hippocampal network model mimicking the genetic modification, suggesting that intrahippocampal networks might contribute to these effects.
357 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that daily soluble aspirin is associated with a reduction in the risk for recurrent adenomas found at colonoscopy 1 year after starting treatment, and the primary end points were adenoma recurrence after 1 and 4 years.
357 citations
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TL;DR: From a survey of 12 countries on four continents, cadmium levels in rice grain were the highest in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, with both these countries also having high per capita rice intakes.
Abstract: Cereal grains are the dominant source of cadmium in the human diet, with rice being to the fore. Here we explore the effect of geographic, genetic, and processing (milling) factors on rice grain cadmium and rice consumption rates that lead to dietary variance in cadmium intake. From a survey of 12 countries on four continents, cadmium levels in rice grain were the highest in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, with both these countries also having high per capita rice intakes. For Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, there was high weekly intake of cadmium from rice, leading to intakes deemed unsafe by international and national regulators. While genetic variance, and to a lesser extent milling, provide strategies for reducing cadmium in rice, caution has to be used, as there is environmental regulation as well as genetic regulation of cadmium accumulation within rice grains. For countries that import rice, grain cadmium can be controlled by where that rice is sourced, but for countries with subsistence rice economies that have high levels of cadmium in rice grain, agronomic and breeding strategies are required to lower grain cadmium.
356 citations
Authors
Showing all 21424 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Paul M. Thompson | 183 | 2271 | 146736 |
Feng Zhang | 172 | 1278 | 181865 |
Ian J. Deary | 166 | 1795 | 114161 |
Peter A. R. Ade | 162 | 1387 | 138051 |
David W. Johnson | 160 | 2714 | 140778 |
Pete Smith | 156 | 2464 | 138819 |
Naveed Sattar | 155 | 1326 | 116368 |
John R. Hodges | 149 | 812 | 82709 |
Ruth J. F. Loos | 142 | 647 | 92485 |
Alan J. Silman | 141 | 708 | 92864 |
Michael J. Keating | 140 | 1169 | 76353 |
David Price | 138 | 1687 | 93535 |
John D. Scott | 135 | 625 | 83878 |
Aarno Palotie | 129 | 711 | 89975 |
Rajat Gupta | 126 | 1240 | 72881 |