University of Rochester

About: University of Rochester is a education organization based out in Rochester, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 63915 authors who have published 112762 publications receiving 5484122 citations. The organization is also known as: Rochester University.

Long-period fiber gratings as band-rejection filters

Abstract: We present a new class of long-period fiber gratings that can be used as in-fiber, low-loss, band-rejection filters. Photoinduced periodic structures written in the core of standard communication-grade fibers couple light from the fundamental guided mode to forward propagating cladding modes and act as spectrally selective loss elements with insertion losses act as backreflections <-80 dB, polarization-mode-dispersions <0.01 ps and polarization-dependent-losses <0.02 dB.

Hierarchical mixtures of experts and the EM algorithm

Abstract: We present a tree-structured architecture for supervised learning. The statistical model underlying the architecture is a hierarchical mixture model in which both the mixture coefficients and the mixture components are generalized linear models (GLIMs). Learning is treated as a maximum likelihood problem; in particular, we present an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for adjusting the parameters of the architecture. We also develop an online learning algorithm in which the parameters are updated incrementally. Comparative simulation results are presented in the robot dynamics domain.

Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus.

Abstract: The innate immune system contributes to the earliest phase of the host defense against foreign organisms and has both soluble and cellular pattern recognition receptors for microbial products. Two important members of this receptor group, CD14 and the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pattern recognition receptors, are essential for the innate immune response to components of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, spirochetes and yeast. We now find that these receptors function in an antiviral response as well. The innate immune response to the fusion protein of an important respiratory pathogen of humans, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), was mediated by TLR4 and CD14. RSV persisted longer in the lungs of infected TLR4-deficient mice compared to normal mice. Thus, a common receptor activation pathway can initiate innate immune responses to both bacterial and viral pathogens.

The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children.

Abstract: Background The primary role of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in causing infant hospitalizations is well recognized, but the total burden of RSV infection among young children remains poorly defined Methods We conducted prospective, population-based surveillance of acute respiratory infections among children under 5 years of age in three US counties We enrolled hospitalized children from 2000 through 2004 and children presenting as outpatients in emergency departments and pediatric offices from 2002 through 2004 RSV was detected by culture and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Clinical information was obtained from parents and medical records We calculated population-based rates of hospitalization associated with RSV infection and estimated the rates of RSV-associated outpatient visits Results Among 5067 children enrolled in the study, 919 (18%) had RSV infections Overall, RSV was associated with 20% of hospitalizations, 18% of emergency department visits, and 15% of office visit

A Non-cooperative Equilibrium for Supergames

Abstract: Presents a non-cooperative equilibrium concept, applicable to supergames, which fits John Nash's non-cooperative equilibrium and also has some features resembling the Nash cooperative solution. Description of an ordinary game; Definition and discussion of a non-cooperative equilibrium for supergames; Description of supergame and supergame strategies; Information on the Cournot strategy.