University of Rochester

About: University of Rochester is a education organization based out in Rochester, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 63915 authors who have published 112762 publications receiving 5484122 citations. The organization is also known as: Rochester University.

Granulocytic sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 61 biopsied cases.

Abstract: Granulocytic sarcoma is an uncommon tumor composed of granulocytic precursor cells. Because it occurs in a variety of clinical settings and because the tumor cells are primitive it is frequently unrecognized during life. This presentation details the authors' experience with 61 biopsy-proven granulocytic sarcomas. The patient age range was from 2 to 81 years (mean 48 years). In eight patients the tumors were multiple. Most common sites of involvement were bone, periosteum, soft tissue, lymph node and skin. Twenty-two tumors occurred in 15 patients with no known disease, 26 occurred in 24 patients with a known myeloproliferative disorder, and 13 occurred in 11 patients with proven acute myeloid leukemia. Thirteen of the 15 patients with no known disease developed acute leukemia in from one to 49 months after the biopsy of their tumors (mean 10 months). Most tumors occurring in patients with a known myeloproliferative disorder were associated with blast crisis. The authors' cases displayed a morphologic range from well-differentiated to those tumors that displayed virtually no evidence of differentiation by conventional microscopy. It was therefore not surprising that most tumors were originally diagnosed as lymphoma. Chloro-acetate esterase (CAE) stains were performed on 56 tumors and 47 were studied with antilysozyme immunoperoxidase technique. Fifty-six of the 57 specimens studied by either technique were positive. Antilysozyme immunoperoxidase stains were particularly useful in confirming the diagnosis.

Recruitment of human muscleblind proteins to (CUG)(n) expansions associated with myotonic dystrophy.

Abstract: Myotonic dystrophy (DM1) is an autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder associated with a (CTG)n expansion in the 3′-untranslated region of the DM1 protein kinase (DMPK) gene. To explain disease pathogenesis, the RNA dominance model proposes that the DM1 mutation produces a gain-of-function at the RNA level in which CUG repeats form RNA hairpins that sequester nuclear factors required for proper muscle development and maintenance. Here, we identify the triplet repeat expansion (EXP) RNA-binding proteins as candidate sequestered factors. As predicted by the RNA dominance model, binding of the EXP proteins is specific for dsCUG RNAs and proportional to the size of the triplet repeat expansion. Remarkably, the EXP proteins are homologous to the Drosophila muscleblind proteins required for terminal differentiation of muscle and photoreceptor cells. EXP expression is also activated during mammalian myoblast differentiation, but the EXP proteins accumulate in nuclear foci in DM1 cells. We propose that DM1 disease is caused by aberrant recruitment of the EXP proteins to the DMPK transcript (CUG)n expansion.

Stochastic Transport in a Disordered Solid. I. Theory

Abstract: A general theory of stochastic transport in disordered systems has been developed. The theory is based on a generalization of the Montroll-Weiss continuous-time random walk (CTRW) on a lattice. Starting from a general mobility formalism, specialized $\stackrel{\mathrm{\ifmmode\acute\else\textasciiacute\fi{}}}{\mathrm{t}}$o hopping conduction, an exact expression for the conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ for the CTRW process is derived. The frequency dependence of $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ is determined by the Fourier transform of the zeroth and second spatial moments of the function $\ensuremath{\psi}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{s}},t)$, which is equal to the probability per unit time that the displacement and time between hops is $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{s}}$, $t$. The conductivity corresponding to characteristically different types of hopping distributions is discussed, as well as the basic approximation in adopting a CTRW on a lattice to transport in disordered solids.