University of Rochester

About: University of Rochester is a education organization based out in Rochester, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 63915 authors who have published 112762 publications receiving 5484122 citations. The organization is also known as: Rochester University.

Modeling elastic and plastic deformations in nonequilibrium processing using phase field crystals.

Abstract: A continuum field theory approach is presented for modeling elastic and plastic deformation, free surfaces, and multiple crystal orientations in nonequilibrium processing phenomena. Many basic properties of the model are calculated analytically, and numerical simulations are presented for a number of important applications including, epitaxial growth, material hardness, grain growth, reconstructive phase transitions, and crack propagation.

Positron Production in Multiphoton Light-by-Light Scattering

Abstract: A signal of 106 {+-} 14 positrons above background has been observed in collisions of a low-emittance 46.6-GeV electron beam with terawatt pulses from a Nd:glass laser at 527 nm wavelength in an experiment at the Final Focus Test Beam at SLAC. Peak laser intensities of {approximately} 1.3 {times} 10{sup 18} W/cm{sup 2} have been achieved corresponding to a value of 0.3 for the parameter {Upsilon} = {var_epsilon}*/{var_epsilon}{sub crit} where {var_epsilon}* = 2{gamma}{var_epsilon}{sub lab} is the electric field strength of the laser transformed to the rest frame of the electron beam and {var_epsilon}{sub crit} = m{sup 2}c{sup 3}/e{bar h} = 1.3 {times} 10{sup 16} V/cm is the QED critical field strength. The positrons are interpreted as arising from a two-step process in which laser photons are backscattered to GeV energies by the electron beam followed by a collision between the high-energy photon and several laser photons to produce an electron-positron pair. These results are the first laboratory evidence for a light-by-light scattering process involving only real photons.

Exome and whole-genome sequencing of esophageal adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent driver events and mutational complexity

Abstract: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has risen 600% over the last 30 years. With a 5-year survival rate of ~15%, the identification of new therapeutic targets for EAC is greatly important. We analyze the mutation spectra from whole-exome sequencing of 149 EAC tumor-normal pairs, 15 of which have also been subjected to whole-genome sequencing. We identify a mutational signature defined by a high prevalence of A>C transversions at AA dinucleotides. Statistical analysis of exome data identified 26 significantly mutated genes. Of these genes, five (TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, ARID1A and PIK3CA) have previously been implicated in EAC. The new significantly mutated genes include chromatin-modifying factors and candidate contributors SPG20, TLR4, ELMO1 and DOCK2. Functional analyses of EAC-derived mutations in ELMO1 identifies increased cellular invasion. Therefore, we suggest the potential activation of the RAC1 pathway as a contributor to EAC tumorigenesis.

A barometric method for measuring ventilation in newborn infants.

Abstract: A barometric method for measurement of ventilation of newborn infants is described. Experiments with cats are reported to show the degree of accuracy obtainable at present. The variation from standard methods was found to average±1 per cent. Minute volume, frequency, and tidal volume of premature infants measured by the barometric method are within the range of such measurements made by plethysmographic methods. The barometric principle deserves further study since it offers the possibility of securing ventilation data with a minimum disturbance to the infant.

Employee and Supervisor Ratings of Motivation: Main Effects and Discrepancies Associated with Job Satisfaction and Adjustment in a Factory Setting1

Abstract: Research and theory on employee job satisfaction and well-being has increasingly concentrated on both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. According to self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985). autonomy, relatedness, and competence are three intrinsic psychological needs that, if fulfilled in the workplace, will lead to greater satisfaction, performance, and general well-being. This study examines employee and supervisor perceptions of the employee's autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the workplace, as well as the degree and direction of discrepancies between employee and supervisor reports. Both employee and supervisor ratings of intrinsic motivational factors were significantly related to work satisfaction, psychological health, and self-esteem, after controlling for the extrinsic factors of pay and job status. Results of discrepancy analyses were somewhat supportive of overrating being associated with greater well-being and job satisfaction. Discussion of the results ties this study to relevant research from a self-determination perspective and to the growing literature on discrepancies and self-perception.