Institution
University of Rochester
Education•Rochester, New York, United States•
About: University of Rochester is a education organization based out in Rochester, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 63915 authors who have published 112762 publications receiving 5484122 citations. The organization is also known as: Rochester University.
Topics: Population, Laser, Poison control, Health care, Context (language use)
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a stochastic transport model for the transient photocurrent, which describes the dynamics of a carrier packet executing a time-dependent random walk in the presence of a field-dependent spatial bias and an absorbing barrier at the sample surface.
Abstract: Measurements of the transient photocurrent $I(t)$ in an increasing number of inorganic and organic amorphous materials display anomalous transport properties. The long tail of $I(t)$ indicates a dispersion of carrier transit times. However, the shape invariance of $I(t)$ to electric field and sample thickness (designated as universality for the classes of materials here considered) is incompatible with traditional concepts of statistical spreading, i.e., a Gaussian carrier packet. We have developed a stochastic transport model for $I(t)$ which describes the dynamics of a carrier packet executing a time-dependent random walk in the presence of a field-dependent spatial bias and an absorbing barrier at the sample surface. The time dependence of the random walk is governed by hopping time distribution $\ensuremath{\Psi}(t)$. A packet, generated with a $\ensuremath{\Psi}(t)$ characteristic of hopping in a disordered system [e.g., $\ensuremath{\Psi}(t)\ensuremath{\sim}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}(1+\ensuremath{\alpha})}$, $0l\ensuremath{\alpha}l1$], is shown to propagate with a number of anomalous non-Gaussian properties. The calculated $I(t)$ associated with this packet not only obeys the property of universality but can account quantitatively for a large variety of experiments. The new method of data analysis advanced by the theory allows one to directly extract the transit time even for a featureless current trace. In particular, we shall analyze both an inorganic ($a\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$) and an organic (trinitrofluorenone-polyvinylcarbazole) system. Our function $\ensuremath{\Psi}(t)$ is related to a first-principles calculation. It is to be emphasized that these $\ensuremath{\Psi}(t)$'s characterize a realization of a non-Markoffian transport process. Moreover, the theory shows the limitations of the concept of a mobility in this dispersive type of transport.
2,610 citations
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University of Rochester1, University of Washington2, Saint Louis University3, University of Toronto4, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center5, University of Pennsylvania6, Johns Hopkins University7, Yale University8, National Institutes of Health9, Pfizer10, Food and Drug Administration11, NorthShore University HealthSystem12, Merck & Co.13, Allergan14, University of Copenhagen15, Purdue Pharma16, Celgene17, University of Oxford18, Élan19, GlaxoSmithKline20, Johnson & Johnson21, Duke University22, Oregon Health & Science University23, Endo International plc24, AstraZeneca25
TL;DR: A consensus meeting was convened by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) to provide recommendations for interpreting clinical importance of treatment outcomes in clinical trials of the efficacy and effectiveness of chronic pain treatments as discussed by the authors.
2,581 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a paradigm is presented in which both the extent of financial intermediation and the rate of economic growth are endogenously determined, and the model also generates a development cycle reminiscent of the Kuznet hypothesis.
Abstract: A paradigm is presented in which both the extent of financial intermediation and the rate of economic growth are endogenously determined. Financial intermediation promotes growth because it allows a higher rate of return to be earned on capital, and growth in turn provides the means to implement costly financial structures. Thus financial intermediation and economic growth are inextricably linked in accord with the Goldsmith-McKinnon-Shaw view on economic development. The model also generates a development cycle reminiscent of the Kuznet hypothesis. In particular, in the transition from a primitive slow-growing economy to a developed fast-growing one, a nation passes through a stage in which the distribution of wealth across the rich and poor widens.
2,570 citations
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TL;DR: Optical antennas are devices that convert freely propagating optical radiation into localized energy, and vice versa as mentioned in this paper, and hold promise for enhancing the performance and efficiency of photodetection, light emission and sensing.
Abstract: Optical antennas are devices that convert freely propagating optical radiation into localized energy, and vice versa. They enable the control and manipulation of optical fields at the nanometre scale, and hold promise for enhancing the performance and efficiency of photodetection, light emission and sensing. Although many of the properties and parameters of optical antennas are similar to their radiowave and microwave counterparts, they have important differences resulting from their small size and the resonant properties of metal nanostructures. This Review summarizes the physical properties of optical antennas, provides a summary of some of the most important recent developments in the field, discusses the potential applications and identifies the future challenges and opportunities.
2,557 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, an extension of the dichotomous probit model for ordinal dependent variables is presented. But the model assumes that the ordinal nature of the observed dependent variable is due to methodological limitations in collecting the data, which force the researcher to lump together and identify various portions of an interval level variable.
Abstract: This paper develops a model, with assumptions similar to those of the linear model, for use when the observed dependent variable is ordinal. This model is an extension of the dichotomous probit model, and assumes that the ordinal nature of the observed dependent variable is due to methodological limitations in collecting the data, which force the researcher to lump together and identify various portions of an (otherwise) interval level variable. The model assumes a linear eflect of each independent variable as well as a series of break points between categories for the dependent variable. Maximum likelihood estimators are found for these parameters, along with their asymptotic sampling distributions, and an analogue of R 2 (the coefficient of determination in regression analysis) is defined to measure goodness of fit. The use of the model is illustrated with an analysis of Congressional voting on the 1965 Medicare Bill.
2,520 citations
Authors
Showing all 64186 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Eugene Braunwald | 230 | 1711 | 264576 |
Cyrus Cooper | 204 | 1869 | 206782 |
Eric J. Topol | 193 | 1373 | 151025 |
Dennis W. Dickson | 191 | 1243 | 148488 |
Scott M. Grundy | 187 | 841 | 231821 |
John C. Morris | 183 | 1441 | 168413 |
Ronald C. Petersen | 178 | 1091 | 153067 |
David R. Williams | 178 | 2034 | 138789 |
John Hardy | 177 | 1178 | 171694 |
Russel J. Reiter | 169 | 1646 | 121010 |
Michael Snyder | 169 | 840 | 130225 |
Jiawei Han | 168 | 1233 | 143427 |
Gang Chen | 167 | 3372 | 149819 |
Marc A. Pfeffer | 166 | 765 | 133043 |
Salvador Moncada | 164 | 495 | 138030 |