Showing papers by "University of Victoria published in 2014"
TL;DR: The review as discussed by the authors summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 Japers, including the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons and baryons.
Abstract: The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 Japers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters.
7,337 citations
University of Chicago1, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University2, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory3, University of Pennsylvania4, Argonne National Laboratory5, Fermilab6, University of Cape Town7, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences8, Texas A&M University9, University of Portsmouth10, University of Cambridge11, University of Toronto12, Wayne State University13, University of Colorado Boulder14, University of Tokyo15, California Institute of Technology16, University of Victoria17, University of California, Berkeley18, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign19, University of Chile20, Autonomous University of Barcelona21, Stockholm University22, University of Texas at Austin23, Princeton University24, University of Oxford25, University of California, Santa Barbara26, Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network27, Rutgers University28, University of Copenhagen29, Australian Astronomical Observatory30, Instituto Superior Técnico31, University of Utah32, Rochester Institute of Technology33, Space Telescope Science Institute34, Johns Hopkins University35, Pennsylvania State University36, University of the Western Cape37, University of Southampton38
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of type Ia supernova (SN Ia) observations obtained by the SDSS-II and SNLS collaborations.
Abstract: Aims. We present cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of type Ia supernova (SN Ia) observations obtained by the SDSS-II and SNLS collaborations. The dataset includes several low-redshift samples (z< 0.1), all three seasons from the SDSS-II (0.05
1,939 citations
University of Tokyo1, University of Wisconsin-Madison2, University of Toronto3, University of Kentucky4, University of Texas at Austin5, University of Washington6, University of St Andrews7, University of Portsmouth8, European Southern Observatory9, University of Nottingham10, National Autonomous University of Mexico11, University of Pittsburgh12, University of Cambridge13, New Mexico State University14, Carnegie Institution for Science15, University of Sydney16, New York University17, University of Utah18, University of Oxford19, University of California, Santa Cruz20, Max Planck Society21, École normale supérieure de Lyon22, Claude Bernard University Lyon 123, Texas Christian University24, University of Iowa25, Princeton University26, Case Western Reserve University27, University of La Laguna28, Chinese Academy of Sciences29, Academia Sinica30, University of Manchester31, Macquarie University32, Australian Astronomical Observatory33, Yale University34, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory35, University of Potsdam36, University of Victoria37, University of Groningen38
TL;DR: MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory) as mentioned in this paper employs dithered observations with 17 fiber-bundle integral field units that vary in diameter from 12'' (19 fibers) to 32'' (127 fibers).
Abstract: We present an overview of a new integral field spectroscopic survey called MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory), one of three core programs in the fourth-generation Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) that began on 2014 July 1. MaNGA will investigate the internal kinematic structure and composition of gas and stars in an unprecedented sample of 10,000 nearby galaxies. We summarize essential characteristics of the instrument and survey design in the context of MaNGA's key science goals and present prototype observations to demonstrate MaNGA's scientific potential. MaNGA employs dithered observations with 17 fiber-bundle integral field units that vary in diameter from 12'' (19 fibers) to 32'' (127 fibers). Two dual-channel spectrographs provide simultaneous wavelength coverage over 3600-10300 A at R ~ 2000. With a typical integration time of 3 hr, MaNGA reaches a target r-band signal-to-noise ratio of 4-8 (A–1 per 2'' fiber) at 23 AB mag arcsec–2, which is typical for the outskirts of MaNGA galaxies. Targets are selected with M * 109 M ☉ using SDSS-I redshifts and i-band luminosity to achieve uniform radial coverage in terms of the effective radius, an approximately flat distribution in stellar mass, and a sample spanning a wide range of environments. Analysis of our prototype observations demonstrates MaNGA's ability to probe gas ionization, shed light on recent star formation and quenching, enable dynamical modeling, decompose constituent components, and map the composition of stellar populations. MaNGA's spatially resolved spectra will enable an unprecedented study of the astrophysics of nearby galaxies in the coming 6 yr.
1,104 citations
TL;DR: The number of these influences suggests that understanding pro-environmental concern and behaviour is far more complex than previously thought, and a primary goal of researchers now should be to learn more about how these many influences moderate and mediate one another to determine pro-Environmental behaviour.
Abstract: We review the personal and social influences on pro-environmental concern and behaviour, with an emphasis on recent research. The number of these influences suggests that understanding pro-environmental concern and behaviour is far more complex than previously thought. The influences are grouped into 18 personal and social factors. The personal factors include childhood experience, knowledge and education, personality and self-construal, sense of control, values, political and world views, goals, felt responsibility, cognitive biases, place attachment, age, gender and chosen activities. The social factors include religion, urban-rural differences, norms, social class, proximity to problematic environmental sites and cultural and ethnic variations We also recognize that pro-environmental behaviour often is undertaken based on none of the above influences, but because individuals have non-environmental goals such as to save money or to improve their health. Finally, environmental outcomes that are a result of these influences undoubtedly are determined by combinations of the 18 categories. Therefore, a primary goal of researchers now should be to learn more about how these many influences moderate and mediate one another to determine pro-environmental behaviour.
1,099 citations
TL;DR: Results of moderation analyses highlight the need for greater consensus in measurement approaches for both cyber and traditional bullying and suggest that polyaggression involvement should be a primary target for interventions and policy.
961 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the climate projections of 11 earth system models that performed both emission-driven and concentration-driven RCP8.5 simulations and found that seven out of the 11 ESMs simulate a larger CO2 (on average by 44 ppm, 985 ± 97 ppm by 2100) and hence higher radiative forcing (by 0.25 W m−2) when driven by CO2 emissions than for the concentration driven scenarios.
Abstract: In the context of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, most climate simulations use prescribed atmospheric CO2 concentration and therefore do not interactively include the effect of carbon cycle feedbacks. However, the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario has additionally been run by earth system models with prescribed CO2 emissions. This paper analyzes the climate projections of 11 earth system models (ESMs) that performed both emission-driven and concentration-driven RCP8.5 simulations. When forced by RCP8.5 CO2 emissions, models simulate a large spread in atmospheric CO2; the simulated 2100 concentrations range between 795 and 1145 ppm. Seven out of the 11 ESMs simulate a larger CO2 (on average by 44 ppm, 985 ± 97 ppm by 2100) and hence higher radiative forcing (by 0.25 W m−2) when driven by CO2 emissions than for the concentration-driven scenarios (941 ppm). However, most of these models already overestimate the present-day CO2, with the present-day biase...
905 citations
TL;DR: While elevated microplastic concentrations near urban areas are consistent with land-based sources, the high levels in Queen Charlotte Sound appeared to be the result of oceanographic conditions that trap and concentrate debris.
722 citations
TL;DR: The proposed hybrid precoding scheme, named phased-ZF (PZF), essentially applies phase-only control at the RF domain and then performs a low-dimensional baseband ZF precoding based on the effective channel seen from baseband.
Abstract: Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is envisioned to offer considerable capacity improvement, but at the cost of high complexity of the hardware. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity hybrid precoding scheme to approach the performance of the traditional baseband zero-forcing (ZF) precoding (referred to as full-complexity ZF), which is considered a virtually optimal linear precoding scheme in massive MIMO systems. The proposed hybrid precoding scheme, named phased-ZF (PZF), essentially applies phase-only control at the RF domain and then performs a low-dimensional baseband ZF precoding based on the effective channel seen from baseband. Heavily quantized RF phase control up to 2 bits of precision is also considered and shown to incur very limited degradation. The proposed scheme is simulated in both ideal Rayleigh fading channels and sparsely scattered millimeter wave (mmWave) channels, both achieving highly desirable performance.
653 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixed-methods study of communities on the Andaman Coast of Thailand explores perceptions of MPA impacts on community livelihood resources (assets) and outcomes as well as MPA governance and management.
610 citations
TL;DR: For 515 patients from six tumor sites, RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas was used to identify mutations that were predicted to be immunogenic in that they yielded mutational epitopes presented by the MHC proteins encoded by each patient's autologous HLA-A alleles that were associated with increased patient survival.
Abstract: Somatic missense mutations can initiate tumorogenesis and, conversely, anti-tumor cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses. Tumor genome analysis has revealed extreme heterogeneity among tumor missense mutation profiles, but their relevance to tumor immunology and patient outcomes has awaited comprehensive evaluation. Here, for 515 patients from six tumor sites, we used RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify mutations that are predicted to be immunogenic in that they yielded mutational epitopes presented by the MHC proteins encoded by each patient’s autologous HLA-A alleles. Mutational epitopes were associated with increased patient survival. Moreover, the corresponding tumors had higher CTL content, inferred from CD8A gene expression, and elevated expression of the CTL exhaustion markers PDCD1 and CTLA4. Mutational epitopes were very scarce in tumors without evidence of CTL infiltration. These findings suggest that the abundance of predicted immunogenic mutations may be useful for identifying patients likely to benefit from checkpoint blockade and related immunotherapies.
547 citations
TL;DR: The authors estimates anthropogenic influence to have caused a greater than 60-fold increase in the likelihood of extreme summer heat and projects that hot summers will continue to increase in frequency and five of the hottest summers have occurred since 2000.
Abstract: Mean summer temperature in Eastern China has increased by 082 °C since the 1950s and five of the hottest summers have occurred since 2000 This study estimates anthropogenic influence to have caused a greater than 60-fold increase in the likelihood of extreme summer heat and projects that hot summers will continue to increase in frequency
TL;DR: The T2K experiment has observed electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrinos beam produced 295 km from the Super-Kamiokande detector with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV, corresponding to a significance of 7.3σ.
Abstract: The T2K experiment has observed electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam produced 295 km from the Super-Kamiokande detector with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV. A total of 28 electron neutrino events were detected with an energy distribution consistent with an appearance signal, corresponding to a significance of 7.3 sigma when compared to 4.92 +/- 0.55 expected background events. In the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata mixing model, the electron neutrino appearance signal depends on several parameters including three mixing angles theta(12), theta(23), theta(13), a mass difference vertical bar Delta m(32)(2)vertical bar and a CP violating phase delta(CP). In this neutrino oscillation scenario, assuming vertical bar Delta m(32)(2)vertical bar = 2.4 x 10(-3) eV(2), sin theta(2)(23) = 0.5, and vertical bar Delta m(32)(2)vertical bar > 0 (vertical bar Delta m(32)(2)vertical bar <0), a best- fit value of sin2 theta(2)(13) = 0.140(- 0.032)(+0.038) (0.170(-0.037)(+0.045)) is obtained at delta(CP) = 0. When combining the result with the current best knowledge of oscillation parameters including the world average value of theta(13) from reactor experiments, some values of delta(CP) are disfavored at the 90% C. L.
Broad Institute1, Eli Lilly and Company2, University of Victoria3, Institute for Systems Biology4, University of Washington5, University of California, San Francisco6, ETH Zurich7, University of South Florida8, Vanderbilt University9, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory10, Food and Drug Administration11, Pfizer12, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center13, Purdue University14, National Institutes of Health15, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention16, Johns Hopkins University17, Korea University18, Harvard University19, Emory University20, Washington University in St. Louis21, Leidos22, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio23
TL;DR: A workshop was held at the National Institutes of Health with representatives from the multiple communities developing and employing targeted MS assays and defined three tiers of assays distinguished by their performance and extent of analytical characterization.
TL;DR: The authors performed a meta-analysis to quantify the association between self-reported and objective measures of proenvironmental behavior, and evaluated the moderating influence of two socio-demographic and seven methodological moderators.
TL;DR: This chapter discusses transactions in which nature provides restoration or inflicts stress, and transactions that are more mutual, such as the development of place attachment and identity and the impacts on and from important physical settings such as home, workplaces, schools, and public spaces.
Abstract: Environmental psychology examines transactions between individuals and their built and natural environments. This includes investigating behaviors that inhibit or foster sustainable, climate-healthy, and nature-enhancing choices, the antecedents and correlates of those behaviors, and interventions to increase proenvironmental behavior. It also includes transactions in which nature provides restoration or inflicts stress, and transactions that are more mutual, such as the development of place attachment and identity and the impacts on and from important physical settings such as home, workplaces, schools, and public spaces. As people spend more time in virtual environments, online transactions are coming under increasing research attention. Every aspect of human existence occurs in one environment or another, and the transactions with and within them have important consequences both for people and their natural and built worlds. Environmental psychology matters.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a search for a dark photon in the reaction e^{+}e^{-}→γA^{'], A^{'}→e''+''e''-e''−γA''−E''−μ'' −μ'' -E'' −γA''.
Abstract: Dark sectors charged under a new Abelian interaction have recently received much attention in the context of dark matter models. These models introduce a light new mediator, the so-called dark photon (A^{'}), connecting the dark sector to the standard model. We present a search for a dark photon in the reaction e^{+}e^{-}→γA^{'}, A^{'}→e^{+}e^{-}, μ^{+}μ^{-} using 514 fb^{-1} of data collected with the BABAR detector. We observe no statistically significant deviations from the standard model predictions, and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the mixing strength between the photon and dark photon at the level of 10^{-4}-10^{-3} for dark photon masses in the range 0.02-10.2 GeV. We further constrain the range of the parameter space favored by interpretations of the discrepancy between the calculated and measured anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper made a review by synthesizing existing structural, petrological, geochronological and geochemical data of the Cretaceous structures and magmas.
TL;DR: The physics of the SLAC and KEK B Factories are described in this paper, with a brief description of the detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues.
Abstract: This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C.
TL;DR: In this paper, a proposal for detecting dark matter originating from light fields rather than particles makes use of existing networks of atomic clocks to measure time discrepancies between clocks that are spatially separated.
Abstract: A proposal for detecting dark matter originating from light fields rather than particles makes use of existing networks of atomic clocks to measure time discrepancies between clocks that are spatially separated.
University of Western Australia1, University of Victoria2, Beijing Forestry University3, University of Alaska Fairbanks4, University of Maryland, College Park5, University of Florida6, University of California, Berkeley7, Cranfield University8, Utah State University9, United States Geological Survey10, Oregon State University11, ETH Zurich12, James Cook University13, United States Forest Service14, American Association for the Advancement of Science15, University of Waterloo16, University of Montana17, Stellenbosch University18, University of Colorado Boulder19, University of Buenos Aires20, University of London21
TL;DR: In this paper, a landscape management framework that incorporates all systems, across the spectrum of degrees of alteration, provides a fuller set of options for how and when to intervene, uses limited resources more effectively, and increases the chances of achieving management goals.
Abstract: The reality confronting ecosystem managers today is one of heterogeneous, rapidly transforming landscapes, particularly in the areas more affected by urban and agricultural development. A landscape management framework that incorporates all systems, across the spectrum of degrees of alteration, provides a fuller set of options for how and when to intervene, uses limited resources more effectively, and increases the chances of achieving management goals. That many ecosystems have departed so substantially from their historical trajectory that they defy conventional restoration is not in dispute. Acknowledging novel ecosystems need not constitute a threat to existing policy and management approaches. Rather, the development of an integrated approach to management interventions can provide options that are in tune with the current reality of rapid ecosystem change.
TL;DR: In this paper, the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used to search for high-mass resonances decaying to dielectron or dimuon final states.
Abstract: The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used to search for high-mass resonances decaying to dielectron or dimuon final states. Results are presented from an analysis of proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1) in the dimuon channel. A narrow resonance with Standard Model Z couplings to fermions is excluded at 95% confidence level for masses less than 2.79 TeV in the dielectron channel, 2.53 TeV in the dimuon channel, and 2.90 TeV in the two channels combined. Limits on other model interpretations are also presented, including a grand-unification model based on the E-6 gauge group, Z* bosons, minimal Z' models, a spin-2 graviton excitation from Randall-Sundrum models, quantum black holes, and a minimal walking technicolor model with a composite Higgs boson.
C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics1, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics2, University of Chicago3, Argonne National Laboratory4, Florida State University5, Harvard University6, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology7, University of Pittsburgh8, University of Washington9, University of Victoria10, Boston University11
TL;DR: A survey of nonstandard Higgs decays that are consistent with the 125-GeV Higgs-like resonance can be found in this paper, where a large set of new experimental analyses on the existing and forthcoming data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are presented.
Abstract: We perform an extensive survey of nonstandard Higgs decays that are consistent with the 125 GeV Higgs-like resonance. Our aim is to motivate a large set of new experimental analyses on the existing and forthcoming data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The explicit search for exotic Higgs decays presents a largely untapped discovery opportunity for the LHC collaborations, as such decays may be easily missed by other searches. We emphasize that the Higgs is uniquely sensitive to the potential existence of new weakly coupled particles and provide a unified discussion of a large class of both simplified and complete models that give rise to characteristic patterns of exotic Higgs decays. We assess the status of exotic Higgs decays after LHC run I. In many cases we are able to set new nontrivial constraints by reinterpreting existing experimental analyses. We point out that improvements are possible with dedicated analyses and perform some preliminary collider studies. We prioritize the analyses according to their theoretical motivation and their experimental feasibility. This document is accompanied by a Web site that will be continuously updated with further information [ http://exotichiggs.physics.sunysb.edu ].
TL;DR: It is shown that the feasibility of the event-triggered MPC algorithm can be guaranteed if, the prediction horizon is designed properly and the disturbances are small enough and that the state trajectory converges to a robust invariant set under the proposed conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the electron and photon energy calibration achieved with the ATLAS detector using about 25 fb(-1) of LHC proton-proton collision data taken at center-of-mass energies of root s = 7 and 8 TeV.
Abstract: This paper presents the electron and photon energy calibration achieved with the ATLAS detector using about 25 fb(-1) of LHC proton-proton collision data taken at centre-of-mass energies of root s = 7 and 8 TeV. The reconstruction of electron and photon energies is optimised using multivariate algorithms. The response of the calorimeter layers is equalised in data and simulation, and the longitudinal profile of the electromagnetic showers is exploited to estimate the passive material in front of the calorimeter and reoptimise the detector simulation. After all corrections, the Z resonance is used to set the absolute energy scale. For electrons from Z decays, the achieved calibration is typically accurate to 0.05% in most of the detector acceptance, rising to 0.2% in regions with large amounts of passive material. The remaining inaccuracy is less than 0.2-1% for electrons with a transverse energy of 10 GeV, and is on average 0.3% for photons. The detector resolution is determined with a relative inaccuracy of less than 10% for electrons and photons up to 60 GeV transverse energy, rising to 40% for transverse energies above 500 GeV.
TL;DR: In this article, a massive vector boson coupling to leptons through the current and to quarks through an arbitrary set of couplings is considered. But the coupling is restricted to the up-and down-quarks to be very small and thus direct production of the vector bosons at hadron colliders is strongly suppressed.
Abstract: We consider a new massive vector boson ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ that couples to leptons through the ${L}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$-${L}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ current and to quarks through an arbitrary set of couplings. We show that such a model can be obtained from a renormalizable field theory involving new heavy fermions in an anomaly-free representation. The model is a candidate explanation for the discrepancy observed recently by the LHCb Collaboration in angular distributions of the final state particles in the rare decay $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{*}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. Interestingly, the new vector-boson contribution to the decay $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}{\ensuremath{
u}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}{\overline{\ensuremath{
u}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ can also remove a small tension in the measurement of the corresponding branching ratio. Constraints from light flavor meson-mixing restrict the coupling to the up- and down-quarks to be very small and thus direct production of the vector boson at hadron colliders is strongly suppressed. The most promising ways to test the model is through the measurement of the Z decay to four leptons and through its effect on neutrino trident production of muon pairs. This latter process is a powerful but little-known constraint, which surprisingly rules out explanations of $(g\ensuremath{-}2{)}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ based on ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ gauge bosons coupled to muon number, with mass of at least a few GeV.
TL;DR: In this paper, a measurement of the Z/gamma* boson transverse momentum spectrum using ATLAS proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7TeV at the LHC is described.
Abstract: This paper describes a measurement of the Z/gamma* boson transverse momentum spectrum using ATLAS proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7TeV at the LHC. The measurement is performed in the Z/gamma* -> e(+)e(-) and Z/gamma* -> mu(+)mu(-) channels, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(-1). Normalized differential cross sections as a function of the Z/gamma* boson transverse momentum are measured for transverse momenta up to 800 GeV. The measurement is performed inclusively for Z/gamma* rapidities up to 2.4, as well as in three rapidity bins. The channel results are combined, compared to perturbative and resummed QCD calculations and used to constrain the parton shower parameters of Monte Carlo generators.
Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam1, University of Cambridge2, Villanova University3, University of Strasbourg4, University of Sydney5, Heidelberg University6, Australian National University7, University of Central Lancashire8, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute9, INAF10, University of Victoria11, Australian Astronomical Observatory12, Macquarie University13, University College London14, Johns Hopkins University15, University of Ljubljana16
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the statistics for halo concentration parameters in large cosmological simulations as a constraint to estimate the escape speed of the Milky Way-sized galaxies.
Abstract: We made new estimates of the Galactic escape speed at various Galactocentric radii using the latest data release of the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE DR4) Compared to previous studies we have a database that is larger by a factor of 10, as well as reliable distance estimates for almost all stars Our analysis is based on statistical analysis of a rigorously selected sample of 90 highvelocity halo stars from RAVE and a previously published data set We calibrated and extensively tested our method using a suite of cosmological simulations of the formation of Milky Way-sized galaxies Our best estimate of the local Galactic escape speed, which we define as the minimum speed required to reach three virial radii R340, is 533 +54 −41 km s −1 (90% confidence), with an additional 4% systematic uncertainty, where R340 is the Galactocentric radius encompassing a mean overdensity of 340 times the critical density for closure in the Universe From the escape speed we further derived estimates of the mass of the Galaxy using a simple mass model with two options for the mass profile of the dark matter halo: an unaltered and an adiabatically contracted Navarro, Frenk & White (NFW) sphere If we fix the local circular velocity, the latter profile yields a significantly higher mass than the uncontracted halo, but if we instead use the statistics for halo concentration parameters in large cosmological simulations as a constraint, we find very similar masses for both models Our best estimate for M340, the mass interior to R340 (dark matter and baryons), is 13 +04 −03 × 10 12 M� (corresponds to M200 = 16 +05 −04 × 10 12 M� ) This estimate is in good agreement with recently published, independent mass estimates based on the kinematics of more distant halo stars and the satellite galaxy LeoI
TL;DR: In this article, a search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing high-p T jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented.
Abstract: A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing high-p T jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded in 2012 by the ATLAS experiment in s√=8 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, with a total integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. Results are interpreted in a variety of simplified and specific supersymmetry-breaking models assuming that R-parity is conserved and that the lightest neutralino is the lightest supersymmetric particle. An exclusion limit at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the gluino is set at 1330 GeV for a simplified model incorporating only a gluino and the lightest neutralino. For a simplified model involving the strong production of first- and second-generation squarks, squark masses below 850 GeV (440 GeV) are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino, assuming mass degenerate (single light-flavour) squarks. In mSUGRA/CMSSM models with tan β = 30, A 0 = −2m 0 and μ > 0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 1700 GeV. Additional limits are set for non-universal Higgs mass models with gaugino mediation and for simplified models involving the pair production of gluinos, each decaying to a top squark and a top quark, with the top squark decaying to a charm quark and a neutralino. These limits extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous searches with the ATLAS detector.
TL;DR: In this paper, the star formation histories of six ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, Bootes I, Canes Venatici II, Coma Berenices, Hercules, Leo IV, and Ursa Major I, were analyzed using a combination of high-precision photometry obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope, medium-resolution spectroscopy obtained with DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph on the W. M. Keck Observatory, and updated Victoria-Regina isochrones tailored to the abundance patterns appropriate for these
Abstract: We present new constraints on the star formation histories of six ultra-faint dwarf galaxies: Bootes I, Canes Venatici II, Coma Berenices, Hercules, Leo IV, and Ursa Major I. Our analysis employs a combination of high-precision photometry obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope, medium-resolution spectroscopy obtained with the DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph on the W. M. Keck Observatory, and updated Victoria-Regina isochrones tailored to the abundance patterns appropriate for these galaxies. The data for five of these Milky Way satellites are best fit by a star formation history where at least 75% of the stars formed by z ~ 10 (13.3 Gyr ago). All of the galaxies are consistent with 80% of the stars forming by z ~ 6 (12.8 Gyr ago) and 100% of the stars forming by z ~ 3 (11.6 Gyr ago). The similarly ancient populations of these galaxies support the hypothesis that star formation in the smallest dark-matter sub-halos was suppressed by a global outside influence, such as the reionization of the universe.
TL;DR: Overall, meta-analytic review quality remained low with few studies assessing publication or study quality bias, and meta-analyses consistently identified adverse acute mTBI-related effects and fairly rapid symptom resolution.
Abstract: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI), also known as concussion, has become a growing public health concern, prevalent in both athletic and military settings. Many researchers have examined post-mTBI neuropsychological outcomes, leading to multiple meta-analyses amalgamating individual study results. Objective: Considering the plethora of meta-analytic findings, the next logical step stands as a systematic review of meta-analyses, effectively reporting key moderators that predict post-mTBI neuropsychological outcomes. Method: A systematic review of reviews yielded 11 meta-analyses meeting inclusion criteria (i.e., English-language systematic reviews/meta-analyses covering post-mTBI observational cognitive research on late adolescents/adults), with their findings qualitatively synthesized based on moderator variables (i.e., cognitive domain, time since injury, past head injury, participant characteristics, comparison group, assessment technique, and persistent symptoms). Results: The overall effect sizes ranged for both general (range: .07–.61) and sports-related mTBI (range: .40–.81) and differed both between and within cognitive domains, with executive functions appearing most sensitive to multiple mTBI. Cognitive domains varied in recovery rates, but overall recovery occurred by 90 days postinjury for most individuals and by 7 days postinjury for athletes. Greater age/education and male gender produced smaller effects sizes, and high school athletes suffered the largest deficits post-mTBI. Controlgroup comparisons yielded larger effects than within-person designs, and assessment techniques had limited moderating effects. Conclusions: Overall, meta-analytic review quality remained low with few studies assessing publication or study quality bias. Meta-analyses consistently identified adverse acute mTBI-related effects and fairly rapid symptom resolution. Future meta-analyses should better operationally define cognitive constructs to produce more consistent effect estimates across domains.