Vanderbilt University

About: Vanderbilt University is a education organization based out in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 45066 authors who have published 106528 publications receiving 5435039 citations. The organization is also known as: Vandy.

First-Principles Calculation of Transport Properties of a Molecular Device

Abstract: We report first-principles calculations of the current-voltage ( $I\ensuremath{-}V$) characteristics of a molecular device and compare with experiment. We find that the shape of the $I\ensuremath{-}V$ curve is largely determined by the electronic structure of the molecule, while the presence of single atoms at the molecule-electrode interface play a key role in determining the absolute value of the current. The results show that such simulations would be useful for the design of future microelectronic devices for which the Boltzmann-equation approach is no longer applicable.

Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions: Empirically Validated Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract: Earlier autism diagnosis, the importance of early intervention, and development of specific interventions for young children have contributed to the emergence of similar, empirically supported, autism interventions that represent the merging of applied behavioral and developmental sciences. “Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBI)” are implemented in natural settings, involve shared control between child and therapist, utilize natural contingencies, and use a variety of behavioral strategies to teach developmentally appropriate and prerequisite skills. We describe the development of NDBIs, their theoretical bases, empirical support, requisite characteristics, common features, and suggest future research needs. We wish to bring parsimony to a field that includes interventions with different names but common features thus improving understanding and choice-making among families, service providers and referring agencies.

Activation of chemically diverse procarcinogens by human cytochrome P-450 1B1

Abstract: A human cytochrome P-450 (P450) 1B1 cDNA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and the microsomes containing P450 1B1 were used to examine the selectivity of this enzyme in the activation of a variety of environmental carcinogens and mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 or NM2009 tester strains, using the SOS response as an end point of DNA damage. We also determined and compared these activities of P450 1B1 with those catalyzed by recombinant human P450s 1A1 and 1A2, which were purified from membranes of Escherichia coli . The carcinogenic chemicals tested included 27 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their dihydrodiol derivatives, 17 heterocyclic and aryl amines and aminoazo dyes, three mycotoxins, two nitroaromatic hydrocarbons, N -nitrosodimethylamine, vinyl carbamate, and acrylonitrile. Among the three P450 enzymes examined here, P450 1B1 was found to have the highest catalytic activities for the activation of 11,12-dihydroxy-11,12-dihydrodibenzo[ a,l ]pyrene, 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-5-methylchrysene, (+)-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[ a ]pyrene, 11,12-dihydroxy-11,12-dihydrobenzo[ g ]chrysene, 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrobenzo[ c ]phenanthrene, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5 H -pyrido[4,3- b ]indole, 2-aminoanthracene, 3-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene, and 2-nitropyrene. P450 1B1 also catalyzed the activation of 2-amino-3,5-dimethylimidazo[4,5- f ]quinoline, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5- f ]quinoxaline, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5- f ]quinoline, 2-aminofluorene, 6-aminochrysene and its 1,2-dihydrodiol, (-)-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[ a ]pyrene, 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrochrysene, 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-5,6-dimethylchrysene, 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrofluoranthene, 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-7,12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene, and 6-nitrochrysene to appreciable extents. However, P450 1B1 did not produce genotoxic products from benzo[ a ]pyrene, trans -3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrobenzo[ a ]anthracene, trans -8,9-dihydroxy-8,9-dihydrobenzo[ a ]anthracene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene and its cis -5,6-dihydrodiol, 5-methylchrysene, 11,12-dihydroxy-11,12-dihydro-3-methylcholanthrene, 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-6-methylchrysene, benzo[ c ]phenanthrene, 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2- a :3′,2′- d ]imidazole, 2-acetylaminofluorene, benzidine, 2-naphthylamine, aflatoxin B 1 , aflatoxin G 1 , sterigmatocystin, N -nitrosodimethylamine, vinyl carbamate, or acrylonitrile in this assay system. P450 1B1 is expressed constitutively in extrahepatic organs, including fetal tissue samples, and is highly inducible in various organs by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin and related compounds in experimental animal models. Thus, activation of procarcinogens by P450 1B1 may contribute to human tumors of extrahepatic origin.