Institution
Vanderbilt University
Education•Nashville, Tennessee, United States•
About: Vanderbilt University is a education organization based out in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 45066 authors who have published 106528 publications receiving 5435039 citations. The organization is also known as: Vandy.
Topics: Population, Cancer, Receptor, Health care, Poison control
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: This is the first sedation scale to be validated for its ability to detect changes in sedation status over consecutive days of ICU care, against constructs of level of consciousness and delirium, and correlated with the administered dose of sedative and analgesic medications.
Abstract: ContextGoal-directed delivery of sedative and analgesic medications is recommended
as standard care in intensive care units (ICUs) because of the impact these
medications have on ventilator weaning and ICU length of stay, but few of
the available sedation scales have been appropriately tested for reliability
and validity.ObjectiveTo test the reliability and validity of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation
Scale (RASS).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingAdult medical and coronary ICUs of a university-based medical center.ParticipantsThirty-eight medical ICU patients enrolled for reliability testing (46%
receiving mechanical ventilation) from July 21, 1999, to September 7, 1999,
and an independent cohort of 275 patients receiving mechanical ventilation
were enrolled for validity testing from February 1, 2000, to May 3, 2001.Main Outcome MeasuresInterrater reliability of the RASS, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and Ramsay
Scale (RS); validity of the RASS correlated with reference standard ratings,
assessments of content of consciousness, GCS scores, doses of sedatives and
analgesics, and bispectral electroencephalography.ResultsIn 290-paired observations by nurses, results of both the RASS and RS
demonstrated excellent interrater reliability (weighted κ, 0.91 and
0.94, respectively), which were both superior to the GCS (weighted κ,
0.64; P<.001 for both comparisons). Criterion
validity was tested in 411-paired observations in the first 96 patients of
the validation cohort, in whom the RASS showed significant differences between
levels of consciousness (P<.001 for all) and correctly
identified fluctuations within patients over time (P<.001).
In addition, 5 methods were used to test the construct validity of the RASS,
including correlation with an attention screening examination (r = 0.78, P<.001), GCS scores (r = 0.91, P<.001), quantity of different
psychoactive medication dosages 8 hours prior to assessment (eg, lorazepam: r = − 0.31, P<.001),
successful extubation (P = .07), and bispectral electroencephalography
(r = 0.63, P<.001). Face
validity was demonstrated via a survey of 26 critical care nurses, which the
results showed that 92% agreed or strongly agreed with the RASS scoring scheme,
and 81% agreed or strongly agreed that the instrument provided a consensus
for goal-directed delivery of medications.ConclusionsThe RASS demonstrated excellent interrater reliability and criterion,
construct, and face validity. This is the first sedation scale to be validated
for its ability to detect changes in sedation status over consecutive days
of ICU care, against constructs of level of consciousness and delirium, and
correlated with the administered dose of sedative and analgesic medications.
1,379 citations
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University of Maryland, College Park1, Max Planck Society2, University of California, Los Angeles3, University of Ferrara4, University of Pennsylvania5, University of Bamako6, University of Khartoum7, Stellenbosch University8, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences9, Dartmouth College10, Kenya Medical Research Institute11, National Institutes of Health12, Marshfield Clinic13, Vanderbilt University14
TL;DR: A detailed genetic analysis of most major groups of African populations is provided, suggesting that Africans represent 14 ancestral populations that correlate with self-described ethnicity and shared cultural and/or linguistic properties.
Abstract: Africa is the source of all modern humans, but characterization of genetic variation and of relationships among populations across the continent has been enigmatic. We studied 121 African populations, four African American populations, and 60 non-African populations for patterns of variation at 1327 nuclear microsatellite and insertion/deletion markers. We identified 14 ancestral population clusters in Africa that correlate with self-described ethnicity and shared cultural and/or linguistic properties. We observed high levels of mixed ancestry in most populations, reflecting historical migration events across the continent. Our data also provide evidence for shared ancestry among geographically diverse hunter-gatherer populations (Khoesan speakers and Pygmies). The ancestry of African Americans is predominantly from Niger-Kordofanian (approximately 71%), European (approximately 13%), and other African (approximately 8%) populations, although admixture levels varied considerably among individuals. This study helps tease apart the complex evolutionary history of Africans and African Americans, aiding both anthropological and genetic epidemiologic studies.
1,376 citations
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TL;DR: The National Science Education Standards as discussed by the authors provide a vision teaching and learning science for the science education system and criteria to measure progress toward that vision, including content, teaching, assessment, three major levers of change identified by policy analysts.
Abstract: The National Science Education Standards provides a vision teaching and learning science for the science education system and criteria to measure progress toward that vision. The document contains standards for content, teaching, assessment, three major levers of change identified by policy analysts. The Standards also include program standards for schools and districts and system standards. This article describes how the Standards were developed within a political context, through a process with political aspects and includes political intents. It closes with recommendations about why and how science education researchers might engage in the political process. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 35: 711–727, 1998.
1,375 citations
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TL;DR: The results demonstrate that PrediXcan can detect known and new genes associated with disease traits and provide insights into the mechanism of these associations.
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of variants robustly associated with complex traits. However, the biological mechanisms underlying these associations are, in general, not well understood. We propose a gene-based association method called PrediXcan that directly tests the molecular mechanisms through which genetic variation affects phenotype. The approach estimates the component of gene expression determined by an individual's genetic profile and correlates 'imputed' gene expression with the phenotype under investigation to identify genes involved in the etiology of the phenotype. Genetically regulated gene expression is estimated using whole-genome tissue-dependent prediction models trained with reference transcriptome data sets. PrediXcan enjoys the benefits of gene-based approaches such as reduced multiple-testing burden and a principled approach to the design of follow-up experiments. Our results demonstrate that PrediXcan can detect known and new genes associated with disease traits and provide insights into the mechanism of these associations.
1,372 citations
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University of Louisville1, University of Pittsburgh2, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital3, Carolinas Medical Center4, Beaumont Hospital5, University of Cincinnati6, Seoul National University7, Iwate Medical University8, Toho University9, Kaohsiung Medical University10, University of Paris11, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center12, McGill University13, University of California, Los Angeles14, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center15, Mayo Clinic16, University of Chicago17, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai18, University of Hong Kong19, Duke University20, Vanderbilt University21, Roger Williams Medical Center22, Northwestern University23, University of Duisburg-Essen24, Washington University in St. Louis25
TL;DR: Laparoscopic liver surgery is a safe and effective approach to the management of surgical liver disease in the hands of trained surgeons with experience in hepatobiliary and laparoscopic surgery, and national and international societies should become involved in the goal of establishing training standards and credentialing.
Abstract: Objective:To summarize the current world position on laparoscopic liver surgery.Summary Background Data:Multiple series have reported on the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic liver surgery. Small and medium sized procedures have become commonplace in many centers, while major laparoscopic liver re
1,366 citations
Authors
Showing all 45403 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
Meir J. Stampfer | 277 | 1414 | 283776 |
John Q. Trojanowski | 226 | 1467 | 213948 |
Robert M. Califf | 196 | 1561 | 167961 |
Matthew Meyerson | 194 | 553 | 243726 |
Scott M. Grundy | 187 | 841 | 231821 |
Tony Hunter | 175 | 593 | 124726 |
David R. Jacobs | 165 | 1262 | 113892 |
Donald E. Ingber | 164 | 610 | 100682 |
L. Joseph Melton | 161 | 531 | 97861 |
Ralph A. DeFronzo | 160 | 759 | 132993 |
David W. Bates | 159 | 1239 | 116698 |
Charles N. Serhan | 158 | 728 | 84810 |
David Cella | 156 | 1258 | 106402 |
Jay Hauser | 155 | 2145 | 132683 |