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Carbon Materials for Chemical Capacitive Energy Storage

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TLDR
In order to further improve the power and energy densities of the capacitors, carbon-based composites combining electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC)-capacitance and pseudo-Capacitance have been explored and show not only enhanced capacitance, but as well good cyclability.
Abstract
Carbon materials have attracted intense interests as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors, because of their high surface area, electrical conductivity, chemical stability and low cost. Activated carbons produced by different activation processes from various precursors are the most widely used electrodes. Recently, with the rapid growth of nanotechnology, nanostructured electrode materials, such as carbon nanotubes and template-synthesized porous carbons have been developed. Their unique electrical properties and well controlled pore sizes and structures facilitate fast ion and electron transportation. In order to further improve the power and energy densities of the capacitors, carbon-based composites combining electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC)-capacitance and pseudo-capacitance have been explored. They show not only enhanced capacitance, but as well good cyclability. In this review, recent progresses on carbon-based electrode materials are summarized, including activated carbons, carbon nanotubes, and template-synthesized porous carbons, in particular mesoporous carbons. Their advantages and disadvantages as electrochemical capacitors are discussed. At the end of this review, the future trends of electrochemical capacitors with high energy and power are proposed.

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Citations
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Comprehensive Insight into the Mechanism, Material Selection and Performance Evaluation of Supercapatteries

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Biomass-derived hierarchical porous carbons: boosting the energy density of supercapacitors via an ionothermal approach

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Renewable pine cone biomass derived carbon materials for supercapacitor application

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Flexible Micro-Supercapacitor Based on Graphene with 3D Structure.

TL;DR: The as-prepared 3D graphene MSC exhibits good flexibility, excellent cyclic life, and high areal capacitance and the electrochemical performance is further improved by oxygen plasma functionalization.
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A review of electrochemical energy storage behaviors based on pristine metal–organic frameworks and their composites

TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis strategies and applications of pristine metal-organic frameworks and their composites in lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and supercapacitors are introduced.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Materials for electrochemical capacitors

TL;DR: This work has shown that combination of pseudo-capacitive nanomaterials, including oxides, nitrides and polymers, with the latest generation of nanostructured lithium electrodes has brought the energy density of electrochemical capacitors closer to that of batteries.
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