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Chromothripsis and beyond: rapid genome evolution from complex chromosomal rearrangements

TLDR
The impact of massive chromosomal change for the development of diseases such as cancer and for evolution more generally is considered and current models for underlying mechanisms are summarized.
Abstract
Recent genome sequencing studies have identified several classes of complex genomic rearrangements that appear to be derived from a single catastrophic event. These discoveries identify ways that genomes can be altered in single large jumps rather than by many incremental steps. Here we compare and contrast these phenomena and examine the evidence that they arise "all at once." We consider the impact of massive chromosomal change for the development of diseases such as cancer and for evolution more generally. Finally, we summarize current models for underlying mechanisms and discuss strategies for testing these models.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Pathways to chromothripsis

TL;DR: This work integrates a novel PTCH1 homolog that is regulated by p53 into a hypothetical model for the catastrophic DNA breakage that appears to trigger profound chromosomal rearrangements in medulloblastomas.
Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of low doses of estradiol and tamoxifen on breast cancer cell karyotypes.

TL;DR: In vitro results provide insights into the potential role of low doses of E2 and TAM in inducing chromosomal rearrangements in breast cancer cells.
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Mouse models in the era of large human tumour sequencing studies.

TL;DR: An overview of approaches for complementing human studies with data from mouse models of human cancer and state-of-the-art technological developments for cancer gene discovery and validation in mice are discussed.
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Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA): an emerging star in cancer

TL;DR: Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is defined as a type of circular DNA that exists widely in nature and is independent of chromosomes as discussed by the authors , and it can carry complete gene information, especially the oncogenic driver genes that are often carried in tumors.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation.

TL;DR: Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means to treat human cancer.
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Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer

Ludmil B. Alexandrov, +84 more
- 22 Aug 2013 - 
TL;DR: It is shown that hypermutation localized to small genomic regions, ‘kataegis’, is found in many cancer types, and this results reveal the diversity of mutational processes underlying the development of cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cancer Genome Landscapes

TL;DR: This work has revealed the genomic landscapes of common forms of human cancer, which consists of a small number of “mountains” (genes altered in a high percentage of tumors) and a much larger number of "hills" (Genes altered infrequently).
Journal ArticleDOI

The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations

TL;DR: Each patient's cancer may require individual specific therapy, and even this may be thwarted by emergence of a genetically variant subline resistant to the treatment, which should be directed toward understanding and controlling the evolutionary process in tumors before it reaches the late stage usually seen in clinical cancer.
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