CMOS image sensors: electronic camera-on-a-chip
TLDR
In this article, the requirements for CMOS image sensors and their historical development, CMOS devices and circuits for pixels, analog signal chain, and on-chip analog-to-digital conversion are reviewed and discussed.Abstract:
CMOS active pixel sensors (APS) have performance competitive with charge-coupled device (CCD) technology, and offer advantages in on-chip functionality, system power reduction, cost, and miniaturization. This paper discusses the requirements for CMOS image sensors and their historical development, CMOS devices and circuits for pixels, analog signal chain, and on-chip analog-to-digital conversion are reviewed and discussed.read more
Citations
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
A Programmable Vision Chip with High Speed Image Processing
TL;DR: A high speed Analog VLSI Image acquisition and pre-processing system that implements some lowlevel image processing in a massively parallel strategy in each pixel of the sensor to extract the magnitude and direction of spatial gradients from images.
Book ChapterDOI
Operational principles of silicon image sensors
D. Durini,D. Arutinov +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the challenges and perspectives of silicon-based photosensors with a brief overview of hybrid and three-dimensional (3D) sensor technology are discussed. And the authors analyze the physics behind the different siliconbased photodetector technologies.
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Silicon-on-insulator-based single-chip image sensors: low-voltage scientific imaging
TL;DR: In this paper, a lowvoltage (≤33 V) imaging technology has been developed to enable scientific-grade imagers with low-power complex functions on chip A 128 × 128 CCD imager with on-chip clocking and charge-domain analog-to-digital conversion, as well as an exploratory active pixel sensor have been demonstrated
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Noise response in a CMOS active pixel sensor due to the radiation effects
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have performed characterization of dominant noise source after measuring total noise and dominant source in each operation step to derive each source and fabricated the combination set of discrete components as follows.
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Sub-mm resolution tomographic imaging in turbid media by an ultra-high density multichannel approach.
TL;DR: In this article , an ultra-high-density source-detector (SD) diffuse optical tomography system was demonstrated for dynamic target imaging in turbid media with high resolution.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Charge coupled semiconductor devices
W. S. Boyle,G. E. Smith +1 more
TL;DR: A new semiconductor device concept that consists of storing charge in potential wells created at the surface of a semiconductor and moving the charge over the surface by moving the potential minima is described.
Journal Article
CMOS image sensors: Electronic camera-on-a-chip
TL;DR: In this article, the requirements for CMOS image sensors and their historical development, CMOS devices and circuits for pixels, analog signal chain, and on-chip analog-to-digital conversion are reviewed and discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
CMOS active pixel image sensors for highly integrated imaging systems
Sunetra K. Mendis,Sabrina E. Kemeny,R.C. Gee,Bedabrata Pain,Craig Staller,Quiesup Kim,Eric R. Fossum +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a family of CMOS-based active pixel image sensors (APSs) that are inherently compatible with the integration of on-chip signal processing circuitry is reported.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Active Pixel Sensors: Are CCD's Dinosaurs?
TL;DR: ActivePixel Sensor (APS) as mentioned in this paper is a detector array technology that has at least one active transistor within the pixel unit cell, which eliminates the need for nearly perfect charge transfer, which makes CCD's radiation'soft' and difficult to use under low light conditions, difficult to integrate with on-chip electronics, difficulty to use at low temperatures, and difficulty to manufacture in non-silicon materials that extend wavelength response.
Journal ArticleDOI
CMOS active pixel image sensor
TL;DR: In this paper, a 2.0 /spl mu/m double-poly, double-metal foundry CMOS active pixel image sensor is reported, which uses TTL compatible voltages, low noise and large dynamic range, and is useful in machine vision and smart sensor applications.