CMOS image sensors: electronic camera-on-a-chip
TLDR
In this article, the requirements for CMOS image sensors and their historical development, CMOS devices and circuits for pixels, analog signal chain, and on-chip analog-to-digital conversion are reviewed and discussed.Abstract:
CMOS active pixel sensors (APS) have performance competitive with charge-coupled device (CCD) technology, and offer advantages in on-chip functionality, system power reduction, cost, and miniaturization. This paper discusses the requirements for CMOS image sensors and their historical development, CMOS devices and circuits for pixels, analog signal chain, and on-chip analog-to-digital conversion are reviewed and discussed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Radiation Imaging Detector Made by Postprocessing a Standard CMOS Chip
V.M.B. Carballo,M. Chefdeville,M. Fransen,H. van der Graaf,Joost Melai,Cora Salm,Jurriaan Schmitz,J. Timmermans +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an unpackaged microchip is used as the sensing element in a miniaturized gaseous proportional chamber, and a complete radiation imaging detector based on this principle is presented.
Patent
Electron bombarded active pixel sensor camera incorporating gain control
TL;DR: In this article, a camera (10) includes a photocathode (30) operable in a night mode, an active pixel sensor (36) including an array of pixels for sensing electrons in the night mode in response to a control signal, and a power supply control circuit for providing the control signal to the power supply (14).
Patent
High-speed vision sensor
TL;DR: In this paper, a high-speed vision sensor comprises an analog-to-digital converter array (13), in which each analog to digital converter (210) corresponds to each line of photodetector elements (120) in a photoderetector array (11); and a parallel processing system (14) that includes processor elements (400) and shift registers (410), both of which form a one-toone correspondence with the photoderets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization studies of two novel active pixel sensors
Sarah E. Bohndiek,Costas D. Arvanitis,Gary Royle,Robert D. Speller,A. Clark,J. Crooks,Mark L. Prydderch,Renato Turchetta,Andrew Blue,Val O'Shea +9 more
TL;DR: Vanilla could be employed for applications where only a small portion of the image contains relevant information, while OPIC is suited to high-speed imaging applications.
Patent
Photogate with improved short wavelength response for a CMOS imager
TL;DR: In this article, a photogate is formed of a thin conductive layer about 50 to 3000 Angstroms thick, which enables a greater amount of short wavelength light to pass through the photogater to reach the photosite in the substrate, and thereby increases the quantum efficiency of the photosensor for short wavelengths of light.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Charge coupled semiconductor devices
W. S. Boyle,G. E. Smith +1 more
TL;DR: A new semiconductor device concept that consists of storing charge in potential wells created at the surface of a semiconductor and moving the charge over the surface by moving the potential minima is described.
Journal Article
CMOS image sensors: Electronic camera-on-a-chip
TL;DR: In this article, the requirements for CMOS image sensors and their historical development, CMOS devices and circuits for pixels, analog signal chain, and on-chip analog-to-digital conversion are reviewed and discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
CMOS active pixel image sensors for highly integrated imaging systems
Sunetra K. Mendis,Sabrina E. Kemeny,R.C. Gee,Bedabrata Pain,Craig Staller,Quiesup Kim,Eric R. Fossum +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a family of CMOS-based active pixel image sensors (APSs) that are inherently compatible with the integration of on-chip signal processing circuitry is reported.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Active Pixel Sensors: Are CCD's Dinosaurs?
TL;DR: ActivePixel Sensor (APS) as mentioned in this paper is a detector array technology that has at least one active transistor within the pixel unit cell, which eliminates the need for nearly perfect charge transfer, which makes CCD's radiation'soft' and difficult to use under low light conditions, difficult to integrate with on-chip electronics, difficulty to use at low temperatures, and difficulty to manufacture in non-silicon materials that extend wavelength response.
Journal ArticleDOI
CMOS active pixel image sensor
TL;DR: In this paper, a 2.0 /spl mu/m double-poly, double-metal foundry CMOS active pixel image sensor is reported, which uses TTL compatible voltages, low noise and large dynamic range, and is useful in machine vision and smart sensor applications.