CMOS image sensors: electronic camera-on-a-chip
TLDR
In this article, the requirements for CMOS image sensors and their historical development, CMOS devices and circuits for pixels, analog signal chain, and on-chip analog-to-digital conversion are reviewed and discussed.Abstract:
CMOS active pixel sensors (APS) have performance competitive with charge-coupled device (CCD) technology, and offer advantages in on-chip functionality, system power reduction, cost, and miniaturization. This paper discusses the requirements for CMOS image sensors and their historical development, CMOS devices and circuits for pixels, analog signal chain, and on-chip analog-to-digital conversion are reviewed and discussed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dose reductions in dental X-ray imaging using Medipix
J. Watt,D.W. Davidson,C. Johnston,Caleb Smith,Lukas Tlustos,B. Mikulec,Kevin M. Smith,M. Rahman +7 more
TL;DR: This quantity provides a measure of the noise propagation characteristics in both types of detector and coupled with the measurement of the modulation transfer function demonstrates the large dose reductions that are possible with the photon counting system compared to the CCD.
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Design and characterization of specMACS, a multipurpose hyperspectral cloud and sky imager
TL;DR: The Munich Aerosol Cloud Scanner (specMACS) is a multipurpose hyperspectral cloud and sky imager designated for investigations of cloud-aerosol interactions in Earth's atmosphere as discussed by the authors.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
A CMOS imager with on-chip variable resolution for light-adaptive imaging
TL;DR: This CMOS APS imager is capable of enhancing signal to noise ratio (S/N) under low illumination through summation of signals from neighboring pixels via pixel averaging or by pixel binning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Punching holes in light: recent progress in single-shot coded-aperture optical imaging.
TL;DR: This review comprehensively surveys state-of-the-art single-shot coded-aperture optical imaging and provides two representative examples of active-encoded and passive-encoding approaches, with a particular emphasis on their methodology and applications as well as their advantages and challenges.
Patent
Method for forming a low leakage contact in a CMOS imager
TL;DR: In this paper, an imaging device formed as a CMOS semiconductor integrated circuit includes a doped polysilicon contact line between the floating diffusion region and the gate of a source follower output transistor.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Charge coupled semiconductor devices
W. S. Boyle,G. E. Smith +1 more
TL;DR: A new semiconductor device concept that consists of storing charge in potential wells created at the surface of a semiconductor and moving the charge over the surface by moving the potential minima is described.
Journal Article
CMOS image sensors: Electronic camera-on-a-chip
TL;DR: In this article, the requirements for CMOS image sensors and their historical development, CMOS devices and circuits for pixels, analog signal chain, and on-chip analog-to-digital conversion are reviewed and discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
CMOS active pixel image sensors for highly integrated imaging systems
Sunetra K. Mendis,Sabrina E. Kemeny,R.C. Gee,Bedabrata Pain,Craig Staller,Quiesup Kim,Eric R. Fossum +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a family of CMOS-based active pixel image sensors (APSs) that are inherently compatible with the integration of on-chip signal processing circuitry is reported.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Active Pixel Sensors: Are CCD's Dinosaurs?
TL;DR: ActivePixel Sensor (APS) as mentioned in this paper is a detector array technology that has at least one active transistor within the pixel unit cell, which eliminates the need for nearly perfect charge transfer, which makes CCD's radiation'soft' and difficult to use under low light conditions, difficult to integrate with on-chip electronics, difficulty to use at low temperatures, and difficulty to manufacture in non-silicon materials that extend wavelength response.
Journal ArticleDOI
CMOS active pixel image sensor
TL;DR: In this paper, a 2.0 /spl mu/m double-poly, double-metal foundry CMOS active pixel image sensor is reported, which uses TTL compatible voltages, low noise and large dynamic range, and is useful in machine vision and smart sensor applications.