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Collagen Prolyl Hydroxylases are Essential for Breast Cancer Metastasis

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TLDR
It is demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activates the transcription of genes encoding collagen prolyl hydroxylases that are critical for collagen deposition by breast cancer cells, resulting in enhanced invasion and metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs.
Abstract
The presence of hypoxia and fibrosis within the primary tumor are two major risk factors for metastasis of human breast cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activates the transcription of genes encoding collagen prolyl hydroxylases that are critical for collagen deposition by breast cancer cells. We show that expression of collagen prolyl hydroxylases promotes cancer cell alignment along collagen fibers, resulting in enhanced invasion and metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs. Finally, we establish the prognostic significance of collagen prolyl hydroxylase mRNA expression in human breast cancer biopsies and show that ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, decreases tumor fibrosis and metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer.

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Zonal regulation of collagen-type proteins and posttranslational modifications in prostatic benign and cancer tissues by imaging mass spectrometry

TL;DR: Site-specific posttranslational regulation of collagen structure by proline hydroxylation may be involved in reactive stroma associated with PCa progression and outcomes and has potential for new markers to understand PCa progress and outcomes.
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The 2016 John J. Abel Award Lecture: Targeting the Mechanical Microenvironment in Cancer.

TL;DR: An overview of the mechanobiology research field is provided and a special focus on mechanotransduction pathways in cancer progression is focused on, describing in detail the key signaling components of such mechanotranduction pathways and extracellular matrix components that are altered in cancer.
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A hierarchical network of hypoxia-inducible factor and SMAD proteins governs procollagen lysyl hydroxylase 2 induction by hypoxia and transforming growth factor β1

TL;DR: The findings reveal the existence of a hierarchical relationship between the HIF and SMAD signaling pathways for hypoxia– and TGF-β1–mediated regulation of PLOD2 expression, a key event in the deposition of collagen into the ECM.
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Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 3 presents a cancer promotive function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

TL;DR: It is deduced that P4HA3 acts as an oncogene that raises tumor cell viability and metastasis partly by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, suggesting that P 4HA3 may be considered as a valuable biomarker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treatment.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours

Daniel C. Koboldt, +355 more
- 04 Oct 2012 - 
TL;DR: The ability to integrate information across platforms provided key insights into previously defined gene expression subtypes and demonstrated the existence of four main breast cancer classes when combining data from five platforms, each of which shows significant molecular heterogeneity.
Journal ArticleDOI

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension

TL;DR: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is found in mammalian cells cultured under reduced O2 tension and is necessary for transcriptional activation mediated by the erythropoietin gene enhancer in hypoxic cells.
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Tensional homeostasis and the malignant phenotype.

TL;DR: It is found that tumors are rigid because they have a stiff stroma and elevated Rho-dependent cytoskeletal tension that drives focal adhesions, disrupts adherens junctions, perturbs tissue polarity, enhances growth, and hinders lumen formation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Matrix Crosslinking Forces Tumor Progression by Enhancing Integrin Signaling

TL;DR: Reduction of lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen crosslinking prevented MMTV-Neu-induced fibrosis, decreased focal adhesions and PI3K activity, impeded malignancy, and lowered tumor incidence, and data show how collagenCrosslinking can modulate tissue fibrosis and stiffness to force focal adhesion, growth factor signaling and breast malignancies.
Journal ArticleDOI

Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanisms

TL;DR: Cancer cells possess a broad spectrum of migration and invasion mechanisms and learning more about the cellular and molecular basis of these different migration/invasion programmes will help to understand how cancer cells disseminate and lead to new treatment strategies.
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