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Collagen Prolyl Hydroxylases are Essential for Breast Cancer Metastasis

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TLDR
It is demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activates the transcription of genes encoding collagen prolyl hydroxylases that are critical for collagen deposition by breast cancer cells, resulting in enhanced invasion and metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs.
Abstract
The presence of hypoxia and fibrosis within the primary tumor are two major risk factors for metastasis of human breast cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activates the transcription of genes encoding collagen prolyl hydroxylases that are critical for collagen deposition by breast cancer cells. We show that expression of collagen prolyl hydroxylases promotes cancer cell alignment along collagen fibers, resulting in enhanced invasion and metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs. Finally, we establish the prognostic significance of collagen prolyl hydroxylase mRNA expression in human breast cancer biopsies and show that ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, decreases tumor fibrosis and metastasis in a mouse model of breast cancer.

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PML promotes metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer through transcriptional regulation of HIF1A target genes

TL;DR: It is found that the promyelocytic leukemia protein PML exerts a prometastatic function in TNBC that can be targeted by arsenic trioxide, and pharmacological inhibition of PML with arsenic Trioxide delays tumor growth, impairs TNBC metastasis, and cooperates with chemotherapy by preventing metastatic dissemination.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Metabolic Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Metastasis.

TL;DR: The role of metabolism in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer is gradually being emphasized as mentioned in this paper, however, the regulatory mechanisms that conduce to cancer metastasis by metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer have not been expounded.
Journal ArticleDOI

Hypoxia-inducible factors: cancer progression and clinical translation

TL;DR: In this paper , the mechanisms and consequences of HIF activation in cancer cells are presented and the current status and future prospects of small-molecule HIF inhibitors for use as cancer therapeutics are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

LOXL4 knockdown enhances tumor growth and lung metastasis through collagen-dependent extracellular matrix changes in triple-negative breast cancer

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that weak LOXL4 expression leads to remodeling of the extracellular matrix through induction of collagen synthesis, deposition, and structural changes and is associated with poor clinical outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours

Daniel C. Koboldt, +355 more
- 04 Oct 2012 - 
TL;DR: The ability to integrate information across platforms provided key insights into previously defined gene expression subtypes and demonstrated the existence of four main breast cancer classes when combining data from five platforms, each of which shows significant molecular heterogeneity.
Journal ArticleDOI

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension

TL;DR: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is found in mammalian cells cultured under reduced O2 tension and is necessary for transcriptional activation mediated by the erythropoietin gene enhancer in hypoxic cells.
Journal ArticleDOI

Tensional homeostasis and the malignant phenotype.

TL;DR: It is found that tumors are rigid because they have a stiff stroma and elevated Rho-dependent cytoskeletal tension that drives focal adhesions, disrupts adherens junctions, perturbs tissue polarity, enhances growth, and hinders lumen formation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Matrix Crosslinking Forces Tumor Progression by Enhancing Integrin Signaling

TL;DR: Reduction of lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen crosslinking prevented MMTV-Neu-induced fibrosis, decreased focal adhesions and PI3K activity, impeded malignancy, and lowered tumor incidence, and data show how collagenCrosslinking can modulate tissue fibrosis and stiffness to force focal adhesion, growth factor signaling and breast malignancies.
Journal ArticleDOI

Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanisms

TL;DR: Cancer cells possess a broad spectrum of migration and invasion mechanisms and learning more about the cellular and molecular basis of these different migration/invasion programmes will help to understand how cancer cells disseminate and lead to new treatment strategies.
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