Detection of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Type XI Carrying Highly Divergent mecA, mecI, mecR1, blaZ, and ccr Genes in Human Clinical Isolates of Clonal Complex 130 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Anna C. Shore,E.C. Deasy,Peter Slickers,Gráinne I. Brennan,Brian O'Connell,Stefan Monecke,Ralf Ehricht,David C. Coleman +7 more
TLDR
Two clonal complex 130 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients in Irish hospitals were identified that were phenotypically PBP 2a positive but lacked mecA by conventional PCR and by DNA microarray screening, suggesting they may have originated in another taxon.Abstract:
Methicillin resistance in staphylococci is mediated by penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP 2a), encoded by mecA on mobile staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements. In this study, two clonal complex 130 (CC130) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients in Irish hospitals were identified that were phenotypically PBP 2a positive but lacked mecA by conventional PCR and by DNA microarray screening. The isolates were identified as methicillin-susceptible S. aureus using the GeneXpert real-time PCR assay. Whole-genome sequencing of one isolate (M10/0061) revealed a 30-kb SCCmec element encoding a class E mec complex with highly divergent blaZ-mecA-mecR1-mecI, a type 8 cassette chromosome recombinase (ccr) complex consisting of ccrA1-ccrB3, an arsenic resistance operon, and flanking direct repeats (DRs). The SCCmec element was almost identical to that of SCCmec type XI (SCCmec XI) identified by the Sanger Institute in sequence type 425 bovine MRSA strain LGA251 listed on the website of the International Working Group on the Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements. The open reading frames (ORFs) identified within SCCmec XI of M10/0061 exhibited 21 to 93% amino acid identity to ORFs in GenBank. A third DR was identified ca. 3 kb downstream of SCCmec XI, indicating the presence of a possible SCC remnant. SCCmec XI was also identified in the second CC130 MRSA isolate by PCR and sequencing. The CC130 MRSA isolates may be of animal origin as previously reported CC130 S. aureus strains were predominantly from bovine sources. The highly divergent nature of SCCmec XI relative to other SCCmec elements indicates that it may have originated in another taxon.read more
Citations
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Rapid Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Organism Carriage for Infection Prevention
TL;DR: Future efforts should be on developing rapid tests to detect multidrug-resistant gram-negative rods, particularly those harboring β-lactamases, and on performing clinical trials to determine how best to incorporate rapid detection of MDRO carriage into healthcare-associated infection prevention efforts.
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The mecA Homolog mecC Confers Resistance against β-Lactams in Staphylococcus aureus Irrespective of the Genetic Strain Background
TL;DR: It is shown that mecC is inducible by oxacillin and mediates beta-lactam resistance in SCCmec type XI-carrying strains as well as in different S. aureus genetic backgrounds, which supports the assumption that a functional beta- lactam-dependent regulatory system is active in MRSA strains possessing staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmEC) type XI.
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Staphylococcus aureus viewed from the perspective of 40,000+genomes
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Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents.
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Strategies of adaptation of Staphylococcus epidermidis to hospital and community: amplification and diversification of SCCmec
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