Detection of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Type XI Carrying Highly Divergent mecA, mecI, mecR1, blaZ, and ccr Genes in Human Clinical Isolates of Clonal Complex 130 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Anna C. Shore,E.C. Deasy,Peter Slickers,Gráinne I. Brennan,Brian O'Connell,Stefan Monecke,Ralf Ehricht,David C. Coleman +7 more
TLDR
Two clonal complex 130 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients in Irish hospitals were identified that were phenotypically PBP 2a positive but lacked mecA by conventional PCR and by DNA microarray screening, suggesting they may have originated in another taxon.Abstract:
Methicillin resistance in staphylococci is mediated by penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP 2a), encoded by mecA on mobile staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements. In this study, two clonal complex 130 (CC130) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients in Irish hospitals were identified that were phenotypically PBP 2a positive but lacked mecA by conventional PCR and by DNA microarray screening. The isolates were identified as methicillin-susceptible S. aureus using the GeneXpert real-time PCR assay. Whole-genome sequencing of one isolate (M10/0061) revealed a 30-kb SCCmec element encoding a class E mec complex with highly divergent blaZ-mecA-mecR1-mecI, a type 8 cassette chromosome recombinase (ccr) complex consisting of ccrA1-ccrB3, an arsenic resistance operon, and flanking direct repeats (DRs). The SCCmec element was almost identical to that of SCCmec type XI (SCCmec XI) identified by the Sanger Institute in sequence type 425 bovine MRSA strain LGA251 listed on the website of the International Working Group on the Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements. The open reading frames (ORFs) identified within SCCmec XI of M10/0061 exhibited 21 to 93% amino acid identity to ORFs in GenBank. A third DR was identified ca. 3 kb downstream of SCCmec XI, indicating the presence of a possible SCC remnant. SCCmec XI was also identified in the second CC130 MRSA isolate by PCR and sequencing. The CC130 MRSA isolates may be of animal origin as previously reported CC130 S. aureus strains were predominantly from bovine sources. The highly divergent nature of SCCmec XI relative to other SCCmec elements indicates that it may have originated in another taxon.read more
Citations
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The diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes among staphylococci of animal origin
TL;DR: Mobile genetic elements, in particular plasmids and transposons, play a major role as carriers of antimicrobial resistance genes in animal staphylococci and facilitate the exchange of resistance genes with staphyleococci of human origin but also with other Gram-positive bacteria.
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Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. carrying the mecC gene, isolated from wildlife
Igor Loncaric,Anna Kübber-Heiss,Annika Posautz,Gabrielle Stalder,Daniel Hoffmann,Renate Rosengarten,Chris Walzer +6 more
TL;DR: The MRSA isolates described in this study represent the first detection of mecC-positive MRSA in a European otter (Lutra lutra) and a European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and represents the first isolation of MRnSA from a Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx).
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Molecular analysis of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from community and hospital environments in China.
Xin Du,Yuanjun Zhu,Yan Song,Tianming Li,Tao Luo,Gang Sun,Chongguang Yang,Cuiming Cao,Yuan Lu,Min Li +9 more
TL;DR: A high level of diversity was observed within S. epidermidis in this study, with CC2 as the dominant clonal complex in both community and hospital settings, with an association was found between low-level ACME presence and invasive infections.
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Demography and Intercontinental Spread of the USA300 Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Lineage
Philippe Glaser,Patricia Martins-Simoes,Adrien Villain,Maxime Barbier,Maxime Barbier,Anne Tristan,Christiane Bouchier,Laurence Ma,Michèle Bes,Frédéric Laurent,Didier Guillemot,Thierry Wirth,Thierry Wirth,François Vandenesch +13 more
TL;DR: French CA-MRSA strains responsible for sporadic cases and micro-outbreaks over the past decade and United States ST8 MSSA and MRSA isolates sequenced demonstrated that the population structure of the French isolates is the product of multiple introductions dating back to the onset of the USA300 CA- MRSA clone in North America.
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Factors Contributing to the Evolution of mecA-Mediated β-lactam Resistance in Staphylococci: Update and New Insights From Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS).
TL;DR: The stages of development of mecA-mediated β-lactam resistance described here may serve as a model for previewing and preventing the emergence of resistance to other classes of antibiotics.
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