Journal ArticleDOI
Doublecortin expression levels in adult brain reflect neurogenesis.
Sebastien Couillard-Despres,Beate Winner,Susanne Schaubeck,Robert Aigner,Maurice Vroemen,Norbert Weidner,Ulrich Bogdahn,Jürgen Winkler,Hans-Georg Kuhn,Ludwig Aigner +9 more
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that quantification of DCX‐expressing cells allows for an accurate measurement of modulations in the rate of adult neurogenesis, and DCX is a valuable alternative to techniques currently used to measure the levels of Neurogenesis.Abstract:
Progress in the field of neurogenesis is currently limited by the lack of tools enabling fast and quantitative analysis of neurogenesis in the adult brain Doublecortin (DCX) has recently been used as a marker for neurogenesis However, it was not clear whether DCX could be used to assess modulations occurring in the rate of neurogenesis in the adult mammalian central nervous system following lesioning or stimulatory factors Using two paradigms increasing neurogenesis levels (physical activity and epileptic seizures), we demonstrate that quantification of DCX-expressing cells allows for an accurate measurement of modulations in the rate of adult neurogenesis Importantly, we excluded induction of DCX expression during physiological or reactive gliogenesis and excluded also DCX re-expression during regenerative axonal growth Our data validate DCX as a reliable and specific marker that reflects levels of adult neurogenesis and its modulation We demonstrate that DCX is a valuable alternative to techniques currently used to measure the levels of neurogenesis Importantly, in contrast to conventional techniques, analysis of neurogenesis through the detection of DCX does not require in vivo labelling of proliferating cells, thereby opening new avenues for the study of human neurogenesis under normal and pathological conditionsread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Dieter Chichung Lie,Sophia A. Colamarino,Hongjun Song,Hongjun Song,Laurent Désiré,Helena Mira,Antonella Consiglio,Edward S. Lein,Sebastian Jessberger,Heather Lansford,Alejandro R. Dearie,Fred H. Gage +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that adult hippocampal stem/progenitor cells (AHPs) express receptors and signalling components for Wnt proteins, which are key regulators of neural stem cell behaviour in embryonic development, and that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is active and that Wnt3 is expressed in the hippocampal neurogenic niche.
Journal ArticleDOI
Notch signalling regulates stem cell numbers in vitro and in vivo.
Andreas Androutsellis-Theotokis,Ronen R. Leker,Frank Soldner,Daniel J. Hoeppner,Rea Ravin,Steve W. Poser,Maria Adele Rueger,Soo-Kyung Bae,Raja Kittappa,Ronald D.G. McKay +9 more
TL;DR: Notch receptor activation induces the expression of the specific target genes hairy and enhancer of split 3 and Sonic hedgehog through rapid activation of cytoplasmic signals, including the serine/threonine kinase Akt, the transcription factor STAT3 and mammalian target of rapamycin, and thereby promotes the survival of neural stem cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Neurovascular Niche for Neurogenesis after Stroke
TL;DR: A novel brain environment for neuronal regeneration after stroke is defined and molecular mechanisms that are shared between angiogenesis and neurogenesis during functional recovery from brain injury are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
In vivo fate analysis reveals the multipotent and self-renewal capacities of Sox2+ neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus.
TL;DR: An asymmetric contribution of Sox2+ NSCs may play an important role in maintaining the constant size of the NSC pool and producing newly born neurons during adult neurogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Systemic administration of exosomes released from mesenchymal stromal cells promote functional recovery and neurovascular plasticity after stroke in rats.
TL;DR: It is suggested that intravenous administration of cell-free MSC-generated exosomes post stroke improves functional recovery and enhances neurite remodeling, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis and represents a novel treatment for stroke.
References
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Long-distance neuronal migration in the adult mammalian brain
TL;DR: Grafted and endogenous SVZ cells in the lateral ventricle of adult mice migrate long distances and differentiate into neurons in the olfactory bulb.
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Dentate Granule Cell Neurogenesis Is Increased by Seizures and Contributes to Aberrant Network Reorganization in the Adult Rat Hippocampus
Jack M. Parent,Timothy W. Yu,Rebecca T. Leibowitz,Daniel H. Geschwind,Robert S. Sloviter,Daniel H. Lowenstein +5 more
TL;DR: Observations indicate that prolonged seizure discharges stimulate dentate granule cell neurogenesis, and that hippocampal network plasticity associated with epileptogenesis may arise from aberrant connections formed by newly born dentategranule cells.
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Restricted proliferation and migration of postnatally generated neurons derived from the forebrain subventricular zone
TL;DR: The SVZa appears to constitute a specialized source of neuronal progenitor cells that differentiated into granule cells and periglomerular cells of the olfactory bulb-the two major types of interneurons.
Journal ArticleDOI
Astrocytes Give Rise to New Neurons in the Adult Mammalian Hippocampus
TL;DR: It is shown that SGL cells, which express glial fibrillary acidic protein and have the characteristics of astrocytes, divide and generate new neurons under normal conditions or after the chemical removal of actively dividing cells.
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Neurogenesis in the adult rat: electron microscopic analysis of light radioautographs
Michael S. Kaplan,James W. Hinds +1 more
TL;DR: Three-month-old rats were injected intraperitoneally with [3H]thymidine and labeled cells in the granular layers of dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb were confirmed as neurons by electron microscopy of reembedded 1-micrometer sections.