Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota
Petra Louis,Harry J. Flint +1 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
This overview emphasizes the important role played by cross-feeding of intermediary metabolites (in particular lactate, succinate and 1,2-propanediol) between different gut bacteria.Abstract:
The human gut microbiota ferments dietary non-digestible carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). These microbial products are utilized by the host and propionate and butyrate in particular exert a range of health-promoting functions. Here an overview of the metabolic pathways utilized by gut microbes to produce these two SCFA from dietary carbohydrates and from amino acids resulting from protein breakdown is provided. This overview emphasizes the important role played by cross-feeding of intermediary metabolites (in particular lactate, succinate and 1,2-propanediol) between different gut bacteria. The ecophysiology, including growth requirements and responses to environmental factors, of major propionate and butyrate producing bacteria are discussed in relation to dietary modulation of these metabolites. A detailed understanding of SCFA metabolism by the gut microbiota is necessary to underpin effective strategies to optimize SCFA supply to the host.read more
Citations
More filters
Posted ContentDOI
Effects of Resistant Starch on Symptoms, Fecal Markers and Gut Microbiota in Parkinson’s Disease – The RESISTA-PD Trial
Anouck Becker,Georges Pierre Schmartz,Laura Gröger,Nadja Grammes,Valentina Galata,Hannah Philippeit,Jacqueline Weiland,Nicole Ludwig,Eckart Meese,Sascha Tierling,Jörn Walter,Andreas Schwiertz,Jörg Spiegel,Gudrun Wagenpfeil,Klaus Faßbender,Andreas Keller,Andreas Keller,Marcus M. Unger +17 more
TL;DR: The RESISTA-PD clinical trial as discussed by the authors showed that a prebiotic treatment with resistant starch (RS) is safe and well-tolerant in Parkinson's disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metagenomics, culturomics, and the human gut microbiota
TL;DR: This work has shown that there is a difference between the proportion of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in a sample identified under microscopic evaluation or by pyrosequencing, which allows for a rapid and extensive exploration of the composition of the gut microbiota.
Journal ArticleDOI
Are Nonnutritive Sweeteners Obesogenic? Associations between Diet, Faecal Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Morbidly Obese Subjects
TL;DR: It seems imprudent to use NNSs that might counteract the favourable effects of butyric acid, which has antiobesogenic effects, reduces insulin resistance, and improves dyslipidaemia, on obese adults trying to lose weight.
Book
Prokaryotic Metabolism and Physiology
Byung Hong Kim,Geoffrey M. Gadd +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe up-to-date knowledge of the key metabolic processes that occur under different conditions, and the cellular processes that determine prokaryotic roles in the environment, biotechnology and human health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alterations in intestinal microbiota by alginate oligosaccharide improve intestinal barrier integrity in weaned pigs
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) on the intestinal microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity in weaned pigs were investigated, and the results showed that AOS upregulated caecal and colonic tight junction protein expression levels but downregulated colorectal pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
Junjie Qin,Ruiqiang Li,Jeroen Raes,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf,Chaysavanh Manichanh,Trine Nielsen,Nicolas Pons,Florence Levenez,Takuji Yamada,Daniel R. Mende,Junhua Li,Junming Xu,Shaochuan Li,Dongfang Li,Jianjun Cao,Bo Wang,Huiqing Liang,Huisong Zheng,Yinlong Xie,Julien Tap,Patricia Lepage,Marcelo Bertalan,Jean-Michel Batto,Torben Hansen,Denis Le Paslier,Allan Linneberg,H. Bjørn Nielsen,Eric Pelletier,Pierre Renault,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Keith Turner,Hongmei Zhu,Chang Yu,Shengting Li,Min Jian,Yan Zhou,Yingrui Li,Xiuqing Zhang,Songgang Li,Nan Qin,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,Søren Brunak,Joël Doré,Francisco Guarner,Karsten Kristiansen,Oluf Pedersen,Julian Parkhill,Jean Weissenbach,Peer Bork,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Jun Wang +52 more
TL;DR: The Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing, assembly and characterization of 3.3 million non-redundant microbial genes, derived from 576.7 gigabases of sequence, from faecal samples of 124 European individuals are described, indicating that the entire cohort harbours between 1,000 and 1,150 prevalent bacterial species and each individual at least 160 such species.
Journal ArticleDOI
KEGG as a reference resource for gene and protein annotation
TL;DR: The KEGG GENES database now includes viruses, plasmids, and the addendum category for functionally characterized proteins that are not represented in complete genomes, and new automatic annotation servers, BlastKOalA and GhostKOALA, are made available utilizing the non-redundant pangenome data set generated from theGENES database.
Journal ArticleDOI
From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites
TL;DR: Data is reviewed supporting the diverse functional roles carried out by a major class of bacterial metabolites, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which affect various physiological processes and may contribute to health and disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism
Douglas J. Morrison,Tom Preston +1 more
TL;DR: This review aims to pull together recent findings on the role of SCFA in human metabolism to highlight the multi-faceted role ofSCFA on different metabolic systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
The gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and colorectal cancer
TL;DR: The relationship between diet, microbial metabolism and CRC is discussed and it is argued that the cumulative effects of microbial metabolites should be considered in order to better predict and prevent cancer progression.
Related Papers (5)
QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data.
J. Gregory Caporaso,Justin Kuczynski,Jesse Stombaugh,Kyle Bittinger,Frederic D. Bushman,Elizabeth K. Costello,Noah Fierer,Antonio Gonzalez Peña,Julia K. Goodrich,Jeffrey I. Gordon,Gavin A. Huttley,Scott T. Kelley,Dan Knights,Jeremy E. Koenig,Ruth E. Ley,Catherine A. Lozupone,Daniel McDonald,Brian D. Muegge,Meg Pirrung,Jens Reeder,Joel Sevinsky,Peter J. Turnbaugh,William A. Walters,Jeremy Widmann,Tanya Yatsunenko,Jesse R. Zaneveld,Rob Knight,Rob Knight +27 more
Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells
Yukihiro Furusawa,Yuuki Obata,Shinji Fukuda,Takaho A. Endo,Gaku Nakato,Daisuke Takahashi,Yumiko Nakanishi,Chikako Uetake,Keiko Kato,Tamotsu Kato,Masumi Takahashi,Noriko N. Fukuda,Shinnosuke Murakami,Eiji Miyauchi,Shingo Hino,Koji Atarashi,Satoshi Onawa,Yumiko Fujimura,Trevor Lockett,Julie M. Clarke,David L. Topping,Masaru Tomita,Shohei Hori,Osamu Ohara,Tatsuya Morita,Haruhiko Koseki,Jun Kikuchi,Kenya Honda,Koji Hase,Hiroshi Ohno +29 more