Global cancer statistics, 2012
Lindsey A. Torre,Freddie Bray,Rebecca L. Siegel,Jacques Ferlay,Joannie Lortet-Tieulent,Ahmedin Jemal +5 more
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TLDR
A substantial portion of cancer cases and deaths could be prevented by broadly applying effective prevention measures, such as tobacco control, vaccination, and the use of early detection tests.Abstract:
Cancer constitutes an enormous burden on society in more and less economically developed countries alike. The occurrence of cancer is increasing because of the growth and aging of the population, as well as an increasing prevalence of established risk factors such as smoking, overweight, physical inactivity, and changing reproductive patterns associated with urbanization and economic development. Based on GLOBOCAN estimates, about 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million deaths occurred in 2012 worldwide. Over the years, the burden has shifted to less developed countries, which currently account for about 57% of cases and 65% of cancer deaths worldwide. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among males in both more and less developed countries, and has surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among females in more developed countries; breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death among females in less developed countries. Other leading causes of cancer death in more developed countries include colorectal cancer among males and females and prostate cancer among males. In less developed countries, liver and stomach cancer among males and cervical cancer among females are also leading causes of cancer death. Although incidence rates for all cancers combined are nearly twice as high in more developed than in less developed countries in both males and females, mortality rates are only 8% to 15% higher in more developed countries. This disparity reflects regional differences in the mix of cancers, which is affected by risk factors and detection practices, and/or the availability of treatment. Risk factors associated with the leading causes of cancer death include tobacco use (lung, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancer), overweight/obesity and physical inactivity (breast and colorectal cancer), and infection (liver, stomach, and cervical cancer). A substantial portion of cancer cases and deaths could be prevented by broadly applying effective prevention measures, such as tobacco control, vaccination, and the use of early detection tests.read more
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Immunogenic Chemotherapy Sensitizes Tumors to Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Christina Pfirschke,Camilla Engblom,Steffen Rickelt,Virna Cortez-Retamozo,Christopher Garris,Ferdinando Pucci,Takahiro Yamazaki,Vichnou Poirier-Colame,Andita Newton,Younes Redouane,Yi Jang Lin,Gregory R. Wojtkiewicz,Yoshiko Iwamoto,Mari Mino-Kenudson,Tiffany Huynh,Richard O. Hynes,Gordon J. Freeman,Guido Kroemer,Laurence Zitvogel,Ralph Weissleder,Mikael J. Pittet +20 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that autochthonous tumors that lacked T-cell infiltration and resisted current treatment options could be successfully sensitized to host antitumor T-cells immunity when appropriately selected immunogenic drugs (e.g., oxaliplatin combined with cyclophosphamide for treatment against tumors expressing oncogenic Kras and lacking Trp53) were used.
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Liver Cancer Cell of Origin, Molecular Class, and Effects on Patient Prognosis
Daniela Sia,Augusto Villanueva,Scott L. Friedman,Josep M. Llovet,Josep M. Llovet,Josep M. Llovet +5 more
TL;DR: Proposals of the cell of origin of liver tumorigenesis are reviewed and the classes of liver cancer based on molecular features are clarified and how they affect patient prognosis are clarified.
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Oncologic photodynamic therapy: Basic principles, current clinical status and future directions
Demian van Straten,Vida Mashayekhi,Henriëtte S. de Bruijn,Sabrina Oliveira,Dominic J. Robinson +4 more
TL;DR: An overview of the clinical trials conducted over the last 10 years is provided, illustrating how PDT is applied in the clinic today, and the factors that hamper the exploration of this effective therapy and what should be changed to render it a more effective and more widely available option for patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity, metabolic factors and risk of different histological types of lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study
Robert Carreras-Torres,Mattias Johansson,Philip C Haycock,Kaitlin H Wade,Caroline L Relton,Richard M. Martin,Richard M. Martin,George Davey Smith,Demetrius Albanes,Melinda C. Aldrich,Angeline S. Andrew,Susanne M. Arnold,Heike Bickeböller,Stig E. Bojesen,Hans Brunnström,Jonas Manjer,Irene Brüske,Neil E. Caporaso,Chu Chen,David C. Christiani,W. Jay Christian,Jennifer A. Doherty,Eric J. Duell,John K. Field,Michael P.A. Davies,Michael W. Marcus,Gary E. Goodman,Kjell Grankvist,Aage Haugen,Yun-Chul Hong,Lambertus A. Kiemeney,Erik H.F.M. van der Heijden,Peter Kraft,Mikael Johansson,Stephen Lam,Maria Teresa Landi,Philip Lazarus,Loic Le Marchand,Geoffrey Liu,Olle Melander,Sungshim L. Park,Gad Rennert,Angela Risch,Eric B. Haura,Ghislaine Scelo,David Zaridze,Anush Mukeriya,Milan Savic,Jolanta Lissowska,Beata Swiatkowska,Vladimir Janout,Ivana Holcatova,Dana Mates,Matthew B. Schabath,Hongbing Shen,Adonina Tardón,M. Dawn Teare,Penella J. Woll,Ming-Sound Tsao,Xifeng Wu,Jian-Min Yuan,Rayjean J. Hung,Christopher I. Amos,James D. McKay,Paul Brennan +64 more
TL;DR: The results are consistent with a causal role of fasting insulin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in lung cancer etiology, as well as for BMI in squamous cell and small cell carcinoma, and the latter relation may be mediated by a previously unrecognized effect of obesity on smoking behavior.
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Induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a phase 3, multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Ying Sun,Wen Fei Li,Nian Yong Chen,Ning Zhang,Guoqing Hu,Fang Yun Xie,Yan Sun,Xiao Zhong Chen,Jin Gao Li,Xiao-Dong Zhu,Chaosu Hu,Xiang Ying Xu,Yuan Yuan Chen,Wei Han Hu,Ling Guo,Hao Yuan Mo,Lei Chen,Yan Ping Mao,Rui Sun,Ping Ai,Shao Bo Liang,Guo Xian Long,Bao Min Zheng,Xing Lai Feng,Xiao Chang Gong,Ling Li,Chun Ying Shen,Jian Yu Xu,Ying Guo,Yu Ming Chen,Fan Zhang,Li Lin,Ling Long Tang,Meng Zhong Liu,Jun Ma +34 more
TL;DR: Addition of TPF induction chemotherapy to concurrent chemoradiotherapy significantly improved failure-free survival in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma with acceptable toxicity.
References
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Jacques Ferlay,Isabelle Soerjomataram,Rajesh Dikshit,Sultan Eser,Colin Mathers,Marise Souto Rebelo,Donald Maxwell Parkin,David Forman,Freddie Bray +8 more
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