How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?
Lidia Morawska,Julian W. Tang,William P. Bahnfleth,Philomena M. Bluyssen,AC Atze Boerstra,Giorgio Buonanno,Junji Cao,Stephanie J. Dancer,Andres Floto,Francesco Franchimon,Charles S. Haworth,Jaap Hogeling,Christina Isaxon,Jose L. Jimenez,Jarek Kurnitski,Yuguo Li,Marcel G.L.C. Loomans,Guy B. Marks,Linsey C. Marr,Livio Mazzarella,Arsen Krikor Melikov,Shelly L. Miller,Donald K. Milton,William W. Nazaroff,Peter Nielsen,Catherine J. Noakes,Jordan Peccia,Xavier Querol,Chandra Sekhar,Olli Seppänen,Shin Ichi Tanabe,Raymond Tellier,Kwok Wai Tham,Pawel Wargocki,Aneta Wierzbicka,Maosheng Yao +35 more
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TLDR
It is argued that existing evidence is sufficiently strong to warrant engineering controls targeting airborne transmission as part of an overall strategy to limit infection risk indoors, and that the use of engineering controls in public buildings would be an additional important measure globally to reduce the likelihood of transmission.About:
This article is published in Environment International.The article was published on 2020-09-01 and is currently open access. It has received 924 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Airborne transmission.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses.
Chia C. Wang,Chia C. Wang,Kimberly A. Prather,Josué Sznitman,Jose L. Jimenez,Jose L. Jimenez,Seema S. Lakdawala,Zeynep Tufekci,Linsey C. Marr,Linsey C. Marr +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss current evidence regarding the transmission of respiratory viruses by aerosols-how they are generated, transported, and deposited, as well as the factors affecting the relative contributions of droplet-spray deposition versus aerosol inhalation as modes of transmission.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation of respiratory aerosol in the Skagit Valley Chorale superspreading event.
Shelly L. Miller,William W. Nazaroff,Jose L. Jimenez,Atze Boerstra,Giorgio Buonanno,Stephanie J. Dancer,Jarek Kurnitski,Linsey C. Marr,Lidia Morawska,Catherine J. Noakes +9 more
TL;DR: It is explored how the risk of infection would vary with several influential factors: ventilation rate, duration of event, and deposition onto surfaces, to better understand the factors that promote superspreading events.
Journal ArticleDOI
Particle sizes of infectious aerosols: implications for infection control.
TL;DR: In this article, a view of infectious aerosols is intended to inform appropriate infection control measures to protect health-care workers from inhaling infectious aerosol, with a predominance of pathogens in small particles (<5 μm.
Journal ArticleDOI
International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021
Richard R. Orlandi,Todd T. Kingdom,Timothy L. Smith,Benjamin S. Bleier,Adam S. DeConde,Amber U Luong,David M. Poetker,Zachary M. Soler,Kevin C. Welch,Sarah K. Wise,Nithin D. Adappa,Jeremiah A. Alt,Wilma Terezinha Anselmo-Lima,Claus Bachert,Claus Bachert,Claus Bachert,Fuad M. Baroody,Pete S. Batra,Manuel Bernal-Sprekelsen,Daniel M. Beswick,Neil Bhattacharyya,Rakesh K. Chandra,Eugene H. Chang,Alexander G. Chiu,Naweed I. Chowdhury,Martin J. Citardi,Noam A. Cohen,David B. Conley,John M. DelGaudio,Martin Desrosiers,Richard G. Douglas,Jean Anderson Eloy,Wytske Fokkens,Stacey T. Gray,David A. Gudis,Daniel L. Hamilos,Joseph K. Han,Richard J. Harvey,Peter Hellings,Eric H. Holbrook,Claire Hopkins,Peter H. Hwang,Amin R. Javer,Rong San Jiang,David N. Kennedy,Robert C. Kern,Tanya M. Laidlaw,Devyani Lal,Andrew P. Lane,Heung Man Lee,Jivianne T. Lee,Joshua M. Levy,Sandra Y. Lin,Valerie J. Lund,Kevin C. McMains,Ralph Metson,Joaquim Mullol,Robert M. Naclerio,Gretchen M. Oakley,Nobuyoshi Otori,James N. Palmer,Sanjay R. Parikh,Desiderio Passali,Zara M. Patel,Anju T. Peters,Carl Philpott,Alkis J. Psaltis,Vijay R. Ramakrishnan,Murugappan Ramanathan,Hwan Jung Roh,Luke Rudmik,Raymond Sacks,Rodney J. Schlosser,Ahmad R. Sedaghat,Brent A. Senior,Raj Sindwani,Kristine A. Smith,Kornkiat Snidvongs,Michael G. Stewart,Jeffrey D. Suh,Bruce K. Tan,Justin H. Turner,Cornelis M. van Drunen,Richard Louis Voegels,De Yun Wang,Bradford A. Woodworth,Peter-John Wormald,Erin D. Wright,Carol H. Yan,Luo Zhang,Bing Zhou +90 more
TL;DR: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in the understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease.
References
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Neeltje van Doremalen,Trenton Bushmaker,Dylan H. Morris,Myndi G. Holbrook,Amandine Gamble,Brandi N. Williamson,Azaibi Tamin,Jennifer L Harcourt,Natalie J. Thornburg,Susan I. Gerber,James O. Lloyd-Smith,Emmie de Wit,Vincent J. Munster +12 more
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Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality.
Lidia Morawska,Junji Cao +1 more
TL;DR: It is extremely important, that the national authorities acknowledge the reality that the virus spreads through air, and recommend that adequate control measures be implemented to prevent further spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in particularly removal of the virus-laden droplets from indoor air by ventilation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosol and Surface Distribution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Hospital Wards, Wuhan, China, 2020.
Zhen Dong Guo,Zhongyi Wang,Shou Feng Zhang,Xiao Li,Lin Li,Li Chao,Cui Yan,Rui Bin Fu,Yun Zhu Dong,Xiang Yang Chi,Meng Yao Zhang,Kun Liu,Cheng Cao,Bin Liu,Ke Zhang,Yu Wei Gao,Bing Lu,Wei Chen,Wei Chen +18 more
TL;DR: Air and surface samples were tested in hospital wards in Wuhan, China and virus was widely distributed on floors, computer mice, trash cans, and sickbed handrails and was detected in air ≈4 m from patients.
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Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment - a multidisciplinary systematic review.
Yiping Li,Gabriel M. Leung,Julian W. Tang,Xudong Yang,Christopher Y.H. Chao,J.Z. Lin,J.W. Lu,Per Væggemose Nielsen,Jianlei Niu,Hua Qian,Adrian Sleigh,Huey-Jen Jenny Su,Jan Sundell,Tze Wai Wong,P.L. Yuen +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review panel comprising medical and engineering experts in the fields of microbiology, medicine, epidemiology, indoor air quality, building ventilation, etc. systematically assessed 40 original studies through both individual assessment and a 2-day face-to-face consensus meeting.
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