Journal ArticleDOI
Immune cell regulation of glia during CNS injury and disease.
TLDR
In their Review, Greenhalgh, David and Bennett highlight the importance of interactions between resident and infiltrating immune cells and the brain’s other major cellular population — glial cells — for brain function.Abstract:
Glial cells are abundant in the CNS and are essential for brain development and homeostasis. These cells also regulate tissue recovery after injury and their dysfunction is a possible contributing factor to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disease. Recent evidence suggests that microglia, which are also the brain's major resident immune cells, provide disease-modifying regulation of the other major glial populations, namely astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In addition, peripheral immune cells entering the CNS after injury and in disease may directly affect microglial, astrocyte and oligodendrocyte function, suggesting an integrated network of immune cell-glial cell communication.read more
Citations
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Barcoded viral tracing of single-cell interactions in central nervous system inflammation.
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Macrophage membrane-coated nanocarriers Co-Modified by RVG29 and TPP improve brain neuronal mitochondria-targeting and therapeutic efficacy in Alzheimer's disease mice
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TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors developed macrophage membrane-coated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) by attaching rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG29) and triphenylphosphine cation (TPP) molecules to the surface of MA membrane for functional antioxidant delivery to neuronal mitochondria.
References
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Alternative activation of macrophages
TL;DR: The evidence in favour of alternative macrophage activation by the TH2-type cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 is assessed, and its limits and relevance to a range of immune and inflammatory conditions are defined.
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Resting Microglial Cells Are Highly Dynamic Surveillants of Brain Parenchyma in Vivo
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Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS
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Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia
Shane A. Liddelow,Kevin A. Guttenplan,Laura E. Clarke,Frederick C. Bennett,Christopher J. Bohlen,Lucas Schirmer,Mariko L. Bennett,Alexandra E. Münch,Won-Suk Chung,Todd C. Peterson,Daniel K. Wilton,Arnaud Frouin,Brooke A. Napier,Nikhil Panicker,Manoj Kumar,Marion S. Buckwalter,David H. Rowitch,Valina L. Dawson,Ted M. Dawson,Beth Stevens,Ben A. Barres +20 more
TL;DR: It is shown that activated microglia induce A1 astrocytes by secreting Il-1α, TNF and C1q, and that these cytokines together are necessary and sufficient to induce A2 astroCytes, which are abundant in various human neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Macrophage Activation and Polarization: Nomenclature and Experimental Guidelines
Peter J. Murray,Judith E. Allen,Subhra K. Biswas,Edward A. Fisher,Derek W. Gilroy,Sergij Goerdt,Siamon Gordon,John A. Hamilton,Lionel B. Ivashkiv,Toby Lawrence,Massimo Locati,Alberto Mantovani,Fernando O. Martinez,Jean-Louis Mege,David M. Mosser,Gioacchino Natoli,Jeroen P. J. Saeij,Joachim L. Schultze,Kari Ann Shirey,Antonio Sica,Jill Suttles,Irina A. Udalova,Jo A. Van Ginderachter,Stefanie N. Vogel,Thomas A. Wynn +24 more
TL;DR: A set of standards encompassing three principles-the source of macrophages, definition of the activators, and a consensus collection of markers to describe macrophage activation are described with the goal of unifying experimental standards for diverse experimental scenarios.
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