Journal ArticleDOI
Ontogeny and homeostasis of CNS myeloid cells.
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TLDR
Studies using cell-specific targeting, in vivo imaging, single-cell expression analysis and other sophisticated tools have increased the depth of knowledge of this immune-cell compartment and call for reevaluation of the traditional views on the origin, fate and function of distinct CNS myeloid subsets.Abstract:
Myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS) represent a heterogeneous class of innate immune cells that contribute to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis differentially during development and adulthood. The subsets of CNS myeloid cells identified so far, including parenchymal microglia and non-parenchymal meningeal, perivascular and choroid-plexus macrophages, as well as disease-associated monocytes, have classically been distinguished on the basis of their surface epitope expression, localization and morphology. However, studies using cell-specific targeting, in vivo imaging, single-cell expression analysis and other sophisticated tools have now increased the depth of knowledge of this immune-cell compartment and call for reevaluation of the traditional views on the origin, fate and function of distinct CNS myeloid subsets. The concepts of CNS macrophage biology that are emerging from these new insights have broad implications for the understanding and treatment of CNS diseases.read more
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A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells
Elisa Gomez Perdiguero,Christian Schulz,Laurent Chorro,Heather L. Szabo-Rogers,Nicolas Cagnard,Katrin Kierdorf,Marco Prinz,Bishan Wu,Jacobsen Sew.,Jeffrey W. Pollard,Jon Frampton,Karen J. Liu,Frederic Geissmann +12 more
TL;DR: Schulz et al. as discussed by the authors investigated whether adult macrophages all share a common developmental origin and found that a population of yolk-sac-derived, tissue-resident macophages was able to develop and persist in adult mice in the absence of hematopoietic stem cells.
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Microglia and macrophages in brain homeostasis and disease
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Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of mouse and human microglia at single-cell resolution.
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TL;DR: Insight is provided into the endogenous immune system of the central nervous system during development, homeostasis and disease, and may also provide new targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathologies.
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Microglia Biology: One Century of Evolving Concepts.
TL;DR: Progress in imaging and genetics and the advent of single-cell technologies provided new insights into the much more complex and fascinating biology of microglia, and their functions in health and disease were better defined.
References
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Perivascular microglial cells of the CNS are bone marrow-derived and present antigen in vivo.
TL;DR: Rat bone marrow chimeras and encephalitogenic, major histocompatability--restricted T-helper lymphocytes were used to show that a subset of endogenous CNS cells, commonly termed "perivascular microglial cells," is bone marrow-derived and are fully competent to present antigen to lymphocytes in an appropriately restricted manner.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: Transmembrane protein 119 (Tmem119), a cell-surface protein of unknown function, is identified as a highly expressed microglia-specific marker in both mouse and human, which will greatly facilitate understanding of microglial function in health and disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
How neuroinflammation contributes to neurodegeneration.
TL;DR: Observations indicate that therapies targeting glial cells might provide benefit for those afflicted by neurodegenerative disorders, because the environment is affected during disease in a cascade of processes collectively termed neuroinflammation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The microglial sensome revealed by direct RNA sequencing
Suzanne E. Hickman,Nathan D. Kingery,Toshiro K. Ohsumi,Mark L. Borowsky,Li-chong Wang,Terry K. Means,Joseph El Khoury +6 more
TL;DR: It is found that microglia have a distinct transcriptomic signature and express a unique cluster of transcripts encoding proteins for sensing endogenous ligands and microbes that are referred to as the sensome and aging was associated with an overall increase in the expression of microglial genes involved in neuroprotection.