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Journal ArticleDOI

Optics for coherent X-ray applications.

TL;DR: Developments of optics for coherent X-ray applications and their role in diffraction-limited storage rings are described.
Abstract: Developments of X-ray optics for full utilization of diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSRs) are presented. The expected performance of DLSRs is introduced using the design parameters of SPring-8 II. To develop optical elements applicable to manipulation of coherent X-rays, advanced technologies on precise processing and metrology were invented. With propagation-based coherent X-rays at the 1 km beamline of SPring-8, a beryllium window fabricated with the physical-vapour-deposition method was found to have ideal speckle-free properties. The elastic emission machining method was utilized for developing reflective mirrors without distortion of the wavefronts. The method was further applied to production of diffraction-limited focusing mirrors generating the smallest spot size in the sub-10 nm regime. To enable production of ultra-intense nanobeams at DLSRs, a low-vibration cooling system for a high-heat-load monochromator and advanced diagnostic systems to characterize X-ray beam properties precisely were developed. Finally, new experimental schemes for combinative nano-analysis and spectroscopy realised with novel X-ray optics are discussed.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article summarizes the contributions in this special issue on Diffraction-Limited Storage Rings and analyses the progress in accelerator technology enabling a significant increase in brightness and coherent fraction of the X-ray light provided by storage rings.
Abstract: This article summarizes the contributions in this special issue on Diffraction-Limited Storage Rings. It analyses the progress in accelerator technology enabling a significant increase in brightness and coherent fraction of the X-ray light provided by storage rings. With MAX IV and Sirius there are two facilities under construction that already exploit these advantages. Several other projects are in the design stage and these will probably enhance the performance further. To translate the progress in light source quality into new science requires similar progress in aspects such as optics, beamline technology, detectors and data analysis. The quality of new science will be limited by the weakest component in this value chain. Breakthroughs can be expected in high-resolution imaging, microscopy and spectroscopy. These techniques are relevant for many fields of science; for example, for the fundamental understanding of the properties of correlated electron materials, the development and characterization of materials for data and energy storage, environmental applications and bio-medicine.

227 citations


Cites background or methods from "Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..."

  • ...Exploitation of the full potential of a DLSR requires nearperfect optics (Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014; Schroer & Falkenberg, 2014), dedicated beamlines and sample environments (McMahon, 2014; Susini et al., 2014), and specialized detectors (Denes & Schmitt, 2014)....

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  • ...…relevant technologies have been identified and first promising results are presented in this issue for polishing of optics (Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014), coating with single or optimized multilayers (Siewert et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014), focusing…...

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  • ...Different optical elements have been conceived and tested and provide resolutions down below 10 nm already (Yabashi et al., 2014)....

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  • ...…(Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014), coating with single or optimized multilayers (Siewert et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014), focusing (Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Schroer & Falkenberg, 2014), as well as filters and diagnostics (Yabashi et al., 2014)....

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  • ...…community will need to develop proper beam simulation tools from source to detector, which take coherence and fabrication errors into account and allow global optimization and testing of new optical concepts (Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014; de Jonge et al., 2014)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime and provides newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications.
Abstract: This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications. Initial consideration is given to FEL theory in order to provide the foundation for discussion of FEL output properties and the technical challenges of short-wavelength FELs. This is followed by an overview of existing x-ray FEL facilities, future facilities and FEL frontiers. To provide a context for information in the above sections, a detailed comparison of the photon pulse characteristics of FEL sources with those of other sources of high brightness x-rays is made. A brief summary of FEL beamline design and photon diagnostics then precedes an overview of FEL scientific applications. Recent highlights are covered in sections on structural biology, atomic and molecular physics, photochemistry, non-linear spectroscopy, shock physics, solid density plasmas. A short industrial perspective is also included to emphasise potential in this area.

178 citations


Cites background from "Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..."

  • ...Note that this last requirement is also important at diffraction limited storage rings [179]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of SACLA operating as a user facility and the updated status of the light source and the beamline is summarized.
Abstract: In March 2012, SACLA started user operations of the first compact X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facility. SACLA has been routinely providing users with stable XFEL light over a wide photon energy range from 4 to 15 keV and an ultrafast pulse duration below 10 fs. The facility supports experimental activities in broad fields by offering high-quality X-ray optics and diagnostics, as well as reliable multiport charge-coupled-device detectors, with flexible experimental configurations. A two-stage X-ray focusing system was developed that enables the highest intensity of 1020 W cm−2. Key scientific results published in 2013 and 2014 in diverse fields are reviewed. The main experimental systems developed for these applications are summarized. A perspective on the facility upgrade is presented.

119 citations


Cites methods from "Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..."

  • ...In parallel to these accelerator studies, we performed R&D on X-ray optics to fully utilize coherent X-rays from an XFEL light source (Yabashi et al., 2014)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the recently renovated high-pressure X-ray diffraction (XRD) BL10XU beamline for the diamond anvil cell at SPring-8 is presented in this article.
Abstract: An overview of the recently renovated high-pressure X-ray diffraction (XRD) BL10XU beamline for the diamond anvil cell at SPring-8 is presented. The renovation includes the replacement of the X-ray source and monochromator, enhanced focusing systems for high-energy XRD, and recent progress in the sample environment control techniques that are available for high-pressure studies. Other simultaneous measurement techniques for combination with XRD, such as Raman scattering spectroscopy and Mossbauer spectroscopy, have been developed to obtain complementary information under extreme conditions. These advanced techniques are expected to make significant contributions to in-depth understanding of various and complicated high-pressure phenomena. The experience gained with the BL10XU beamline could help promote high-pressure research in future synchrotron radiation facilities.

88 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the design and simulated performance of two state-of-the-art Kirkpatrik-Baez mirror systems that form the primary foci of the single particles, clusters and biomolecules and serial femtosecond crystallography (SPB/SFX) instrument of the European XFEL.
Abstract: The high degree of spatial coherence and extreme pulse energies available at x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources naturally support coherent diffractive imaging applications. In order to optimally exploit these unique properties, the optical systems at XFELs must be highly transmissive, focus to appropriate sizes matched to the scale of samples to be investigated and must minimally perturb the wavefront of the XFEL beam. We present the design and simulated performance of two state-of-the-art Kirkpatrik–Baez mirror systems that form the primary foci of the single particles, clusters and biomolecules and serial femtosecond crystallography (SPB/SFX) instrument of the European XFEL. The two systems, presently under construction, will produce 1 μm and 100 nm scale foci across a 3–16 keV photon energy range. Targeted applications include coherent imaging of weakly scattering, often biological, specimens.

36 citations

References
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01 Jan 2003

3,254 citations


"Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...X-ray reflective mirrors are essential optical elements for designing various optical systems for X-ray focusing (Kirkpatrick & Baez, 1948), imaging (Matsuyama et al., 2012b) and interferometry....

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  • ...We could precisely control the shape of a deformable mirror by using techniques for the at-wavelength wavefront measurement such as grating interferometry (Matsuyama et al., 2012c) and the pencil beam method (Hignette et al., 1997)....

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  • ...10 (Matsuyama et al., 2012a; Kimura et al., 2013)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
07 Jan 1956-Nature
TL;DR: Hanbury-Brown and Twiss as mentioned in this paper showed that photon detections in the two daughter beams were correlated: the photons were bunching together, which corresponded to a correlation in the intensity of light in two beams, which could be used to infer the angular size of distant stars.
Abstract: Classical interferometry works by detecting correlations in the phases of two waves. In Nature in 1956, R. Hanbury-Brown and R. Q. Twiss demonstrated another technique that probes quantum-mechanical correlations in the electromagnetic field. Splitting an incoherent light beam, they found that photon detections in the two daughter beams were correlated: the photons were bunching together. This corresponds to a correlation in the intensity of light in the two beams, which Hanbury-Brown and Twiss suggested could be used to infer the angular size of distant stars. Physicists now rely on the effect to probe the quantum character of complex light sources. [Obituary of Robert Hanbury Brown: Nature 416, 34 (2002)]

1,829 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
22 Jul 1999-Nature
TL;DR: Extending the methodology of X-ray crystallography to allow imaging of micrometre-sized non-crystalline specimens was proposed in this paper, where the authors extended the methodology to allow the imaging of micro-scale specimens.
Abstract: Extending the methodology of X-ray crystallography to allow imaging of micrometre-sized non-crystalline specimens

1,791 citations


"Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Furthermore, high transverse coherence enhances capabilities of coherence-related applications, such as single-particle coherent imaging (Miao et al., 1999), ptychography (Rodenburg et al., 2007) and correlation spectroscopy (Sutton, 2008)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact Free-Electron Laser (CFEL) was used for sub-angstrom fundamental-wavelength lasing at the Tokyo National Museum.
Abstract: Researchers report sub-angstrom fundamental-wavelength lasing at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact Free-Electron Laser in Japan. The output has a maximum power of more than 10 GW, a pulse duration of 10−14 s and a lasing wavelength of 0.634 A.

1,467 citations


"Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The diagnostic system of SACLA includes 30 mm-thick foils of boron-doped CVD diamonds which emit fluorescence in the visible spectrum....

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  • ...The speckle-free quality has been successfully demonstrated in operations at SACLA....

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  • ...We successfully generated ultra-intense X-ray pulses of 1020 W cm 2 with a size of 30 nm 55 nm for 9.9 keV XFEL pulses from SACLA (Mimura et al., 2014), which were applied to observe two-photon absorption for the germanium K-absorption edge of 11.1 keV (Tamasaku et al., 2014)....

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  • ...This subsection introduces in-line intensity and profile diagnostics that have been in operation at SACLA (Ishikawa et al., 2012; Tono et al., 2013)....

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