SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging.
Savannah F. Pedersen,Ya Chi Ho +1 more
TLDR
Overall, this study characterized the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 and provides insights into immune therapeutics and vaccine design and the authors found that respiratory distress on admission is associated with unfavorable outcomes.Abstract:
The pandemic coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading across the globe. In this issue of the JCI, Chen and colleagues compared the clinical and immunological characteristics between moderate and severe COVID-19. The authors found that respiratory distress on admission is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Increased cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α), lymphopenia (in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), and decreased IFN-γ expression in CD4+ T cells are associated with severe COVID-19. Overall, this study characterized the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 and provides insights into immune therapeutics and vaccine design.read more
Citations
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Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe COVID-19: prospective analysis of 1,045 hospitalised cases in North-Eastern France, March 2020.
Charlotte Kaeuffer,C. Le hyaric,Thibaut Fabacher,Joy Mootien,B. Dervieux,Yvon Ruch,A. Hugerot,Y. J. Zhu,Valentin Pointurier,Raphaël Clere-Jehl,Valentin Greigert,Loic Kassegne,Nicolas Lefebvre,Floriane Gallais,Nicolas Meyer,Yves Hansmann,O. Hinschberger,François Danion,Grp Covid Alsace Study +18 more
TL;DR: Overweightedness, obesity, advanced age, male sex, comorbidities, dyspnoea and inflammation are risk factors for severe COVID-19 or death in hospitalised patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cell-based therapy to reduce mortality from COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies on acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Wenchun Qu,Zhen Wang,Joshua M. Hare,Guojun Bu,Jorge M. Mallea,Jorge M. Pascual,Arnold I. Caplan,Joanne Kurtzberg,Abba C. Zubair,Eva Kubrova,Erica Engelberg-Cook,Tarek Nayfeh,Vishal P. Shah,James C. Hill,Michael E. Wolf,Larry J. Prokop,M. Hassan Murad,Fred Sanfilippo +17 more
TL;DR: Cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a potential treatment for COVID‐19 ARDS based on preclinical and clinical studies supporting the concept that MSCs modulate the inflammatory and remodeling processes and restore alveolo‐capillary barriers.
Journal ArticleDOI
The cytokine storm of COVID-19: a spotlight on prevention and protection.
TL;DR: It is proposed that targeting the endothelium may interrupt this cycle of multi-organ injury induced by hyper-inflammation and inhibition of IL-6 and the Janus Kinase, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins pathway (JAK/STAT), are favorable targets.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer perspective on regulation of interleukin-6 signaling in COVID-19-related systemic inflammatory response.
Fernanda I Arnaldez,Steven J. O'Day,Charles G. Drake,Bernard A. Fox,Bingqing Fu,Walter J. Urba,Vincenzo Montesarchio,Jeffrey S. Weber,Haiming Wei,Jon M. Wigginton,Paolo A. Ascierto +10 more
TL;DR: Drawing on extensive experience administering immune-modulating therapies, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer offers this perspective on potential alternatives to anti-IL-6 that may also warrant consideration for management of the systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary compromise that can be seen in patients with severe COVID-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammation and thrombosis in COVID-19 pathophysiology: Proteinase-activated and purinergic receptors as drivers and candidate therapeutic targets.
Krishna Sriram,Paul A. Insel +1 more
TL;DR: This work presents a framework for mechanisms of thrombosis in COVID-19 that initially derive from interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with ACE2, resulting in dysregulation of angiotensin signaling and subsequent inflammation and tissue injury.
References
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TL;DR: There is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019 and considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.
Roujian Lu,Xiang Zhao,Juan Li,Peihua Niu,Bo Yang,Honglong Wu,Wenling Wang,Hao Song,Baoying Huang,Na Zhu,Yuhai Bi,Xuejun Ma,Faxian Zhan,Liang Wang,Tao Hu,Hong Zhou,Zhenhong Hu,Weimin Zhou,Li Zhao,Jing Chen,Yao Meng,Ji Wang,Yang Lin,Jianying Yuan,Zhihao Xie,Jinmin Ma,William J. Liu,Dayan Wang,Wenbo Xu,Edward C. Holmes,George F. Gao,George F. Gao,Guizhen Wu,Weijun Chen,Weifeng Shi,Wenjie Tan,Wenjie Tan +36 more
TL;DR: The phylogenetic analysis suggests that bats might be the original host of this virus, an animal sold at the seafood market in Wuhan might represent an intermediate host facilitating the emergence of the virus in humans.
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