SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging.
Savannah F. Pedersen,Ya Chi Ho +1 more
TLDR
Overall, this study characterized the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 and provides insights into immune therapeutics and vaccine design and the authors found that respiratory distress on admission is associated with unfavorable outcomes.Abstract:
The pandemic coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading across the globe. In this issue of the JCI, Chen and colleagues compared the clinical and immunological characteristics between moderate and severe COVID-19. The authors found that respiratory distress on admission is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Increased cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α), lymphopenia (in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), and decreased IFN-γ expression in CD4+ T cells are associated with severe COVID-19. Overall, this study characterized the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 and provides insights into immune therapeutics and vaccine design.read more
Citations
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Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19.
Jeong Seok Lee,Seongwan Park,Hye Won Jeong,Jin Young Ahn,Seong Jin Choi,Ho-Young Lee,Baekgyu Choi,Su Kyung Nam,Moa Sa,Ji Soo Kwon,Ji Soo Kwon,Su Jin Jeong,Heung Kyu Lee,Sung Ho Park,Su-Hyung Park,Jun Yong Choi,Sung-Han Kim,Inkyung Jung,Eui-Cheol Shin +18 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the type I IFN response plays a pivotal role in exacerbating inflammation in severe COVID-19.
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COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management.
TL;DR: Evidence suggests that insulin and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors can be used safely in patients with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19; metformin and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors might need to be withdrawn in patients at high risk of severe disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of nutrition plays in supporting the immune system is well-established, and a wealth of mechanistic and clinical data show that vitamins, including vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate, trace elements, including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper, play important and complementary roles in supporting immune system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immune Response, Inflammation, and the Clinical Spectrum of COVID-19.
TL;DR: The general aspects of both COVID-19 and its etiological agent SARS-CoV-2 are described, stressing the similarities with other severe coronavirus infections, such as SARS and MERS, but more importantly, pointing toward the evidence supporting the hypothesis that the clinical spectrum of CO VID-19 is a consequence of the corresponding variable spectrum of the immune responses to the virus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Immunity, endothelial injury and complement-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19.
Luca Perico,Ariela Benigni,Federica Casiraghi,Lisa F. P. Ng,Lisa F. P. Ng,Laurent Rénia,Giuseppe Remuzzi,Giuseppe Remuzzi +7 more
TL;DR: Current understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the progression of coronav virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is described, focusing on the immunological hyper-response and the induction of widespread endothelial damage, complement-associated blood clotting and systemic microangiopathy, as well as the effects of these processes on the kidney.
References
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Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia.
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TL;DR: There is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019 and considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.
Roujian Lu,Xiang Zhao,Juan Li,Peihua Niu,Bo Yang,Honglong Wu,Wenling Wang,Hao Song,Baoying Huang,Na Zhu,Yuhai Bi,Xuejun Ma,Faxian Zhan,Liang Wang,Tao Hu,Hong Zhou,Zhenhong Hu,Weimin Zhou,Li Zhao,Jing Chen,Yao Meng,Ji Wang,Yang Lin,Jianying Yuan,Zhihao Xie,Jinmin Ma,William J. Liu,Dayan Wang,Wenbo Xu,Edward C. Holmes,George F. Gao,George F. Gao,Guizhen Wu,Weijun Chen,Weifeng Shi,Wenjie Tan,Wenjie Tan +36 more
TL;DR: The phylogenetic analysis suggests that bats might be the original host of this virus, an animal sold at the seafood market in Wuhan might represent an intermediate host facilitating the emergence of the virus in humans.
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