SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging.
Savannah F. Pedersen,Ya Chi Ho +1 more
TLDR
Overall, this study characterized the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 and provides insights into immune therapeutics and vaccine design and the authors found that respiratory distress on admission is associated with unfavorable outcomes.Abstract:
The pandemic coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading across the globe. In this issue of the JCI, Chen and colleagues compared the clinical and immunological characteristics between moderate and severe COVID-19. The authors found that respiratory distress on admission is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Increased cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α), lymphopenia (in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), and decreased IFN-γ expression in CD4+ T cells are associated with severe COVID-19. Overall, this study characterized the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 and provides insights into immune therapeutics and vaccine design.read more
Citations
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Hypertension, thrombosis, kidney failure, and diabetes: Is covid-19 an endothelial disease? a comprehensive evaluation of clinical and basic evidence
Celestino Sardu,Celestino Sardu,Jessica Gambardella,Marco Bruno Morelli,Xujun Wang,Raffaele Marfella,Gaetano Santulli +6 more
TL;DR: A systematic and comprehensive evaluation of both clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that the endothelium is a key target organ in COVID-19 is reported, providing a mechanistic rationale behind its systemic manifestations.
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COVID-19 infection alters kynurenine and fatty acid metabolism, correlating with IL-6 levels and renal status.
Tiffany Thomas,Davide Stefanoni,Julie A. Reisz,Travis Nemkov,Lorenzo Bertolone,Richard O. Francis,Krystalyn E. Hudson,James C. Zimring,Kirk C. Hansen,Eldad A. Hod,Steven L. Spitalnik,Angelo D'Alessandro +11 more
TL;DR: This initial observational study identified amino acid and fatty acid metabolism as correlates of COVID-19, providing mechanistic insights, potential markers of clinical severity, and potential therapeutic targets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Platelets Can Associate with SARS-Cov-2 RNA and Are Hyperactivated in COVID-19.
Younes Zaid,Florian Puhm,Isabelle Allaeys,Abdallah Naya,Mounia Oudghiri,Loubna Khalki,Youness Limami,Nabil Zaid,Khalid Sadki,Rafiqua Ben El Haj,Wissal Mahir,Lamiae Belayachi,Bouchra Belefquih,Amina Benouda,Amine Cheikh,Marc-André Langlois,Yahia Cherrah,Louis Flamand,Fadila Guessous,Eric Boilard +19 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that platelets release their alpha- and dense-granule contents in both nonsevere and severe forms of COVID-19, as they release various sets of molecules through the different stages of the disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19: A Global Threat to the Nervous System.
TL;DR: The understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2 neuropathogenesis is still incomplete and knowledge is evolving rapidly, it is hoped that this review will provide a useful framework and help neurologists in understanding the many neurologic facets of COVID‐19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Inflammatory Signaling Increase the Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 in the Respiratory Tract.
Joan C. Smith,Joan C. Smith,Erin L. Sausville,Vishruth Girish,Vishruth Girish,Monet Lou Yuan,Monet Lou Yuan,Anand Vasudevan,Kristen M. John,Kristen M. John,Jason M. Sheltzer +10 more
TL;DR: It is shown that cigarette smoke causes a dose-dependent upregulation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, in rodent and human lungs, and this work identifies ACE2 as an interferon-stimulated gene in lung cells, suggesting that Sars-Cov-2 infections could create positive-feedback loops that increase ACE2 levels and facilitate viral dissemination.
References
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TL;DR: There is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019 and considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.
Roujian Lu,Xiang Zhao,Juan Li,Peihua Niu,Bo Yang,Honglong Wu,Wenling Wang,Hao Song,Baoying Huang,Na Zhu,Yuhai Bi,Xuejun Ma,Faxian Zhan,Liang Wang,Tao Hu,Hong Zhou,Zhenhong Hu,Weimin Zhou,Li Zhao,Jing Chen,Yao Meng,Ji Wang,Yang Lin,Jianying Yuan,Zhihao Xie,Jinmin Ma,William J. Liu,Dayan Wang,Wenbo Xu,Edward C. Holmes,George F. Gao,George F. Gao,Guizhen Wu,Weijun Chen,Weifeng Shi,Wenjie Tan,Wenjie Tan +36 more
TL;DR: The phylogenetic analysis suggests that bats might be the original host of this virus, an animal sold at the seafood market in Wuhan might represent an intermediate host facilitating the emergence of the virus in humans.
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