SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging.
Savannah F. Pedersen,Ya Chi Ho +1 more
TLDR
Overall, this study characterized the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 and provides insights into immune therapeutics and vaccine design and the authors found that respiratory distress on admission is associated with unfavorable outcomes.Abstract:
The pandemic coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is rapidly spreading across the globe. In this issue of the JCI, Chen and colleagues compared the clinical and immunological characteristics between moderate and severe COVID-19. The authors found that respiratory distress on admission is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Increased cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α), lymphopenia (in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), and decreased IFN-γ expression in CD4+ T cells are associated with severe COVID-19. Overall, this study characterized the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 and provides insights into immune therapeutics and vaccine design.read more
Citations
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SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Different Cytokine Response Compared to Other Cytokine Storm-Causing Respiratory Viruses in Severely Ill Patients.
Marton Olbei,Isabelle Hautefort,Dezso Modos,Agatha Treveil,Martina Poletti,Lejla Gul,Claire Shannon-Lowe,Tamas Korcsmaros +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed published patient data to highlight the conserved and unique cytokine responses caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and found that the cytokine response induced by the SARS infection is different compared to other CRS-causing respiratory viruses, such as IL-2, IL-10, IL 4, or IL 5.
Journal ArticleDOI
The triggering of post-COVID-19 autoimmunity phenomena could be associated with both transient immunosuppression and an inappropriate form of immune reconstitution in susceptible individuals.
TL;DR: A hypothesis for the development of post-COVID-19 autoimmunity is proposed based on the consequences of both a transient immunosuppression in which self-tolerance is lost and an inappropriate form of immune reconstitution that amplifies the process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 for effective suppression of SARS-CoV-2-mediated neutrophil activities and cytokine storm.
Yun Young Lee,Hee Ho Park,Wooram Park,Hyelim Kim,Jong Geol Jang,Kyung Soo Hong,Jae Young Lee,Hee Seung Seo,Dong Hee Na,Tae-Hyung Kim,Young Bin Choy,June Hong Ahn,Wonhwa Lee,Chun Gwon Park +13 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that exogenously administered long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 can effectively reduce cfDNA levels and neutrophil activities and may be used as a potential therapeutic intervention for life-threatening SARS-CoV-2-mediated illnesses.
Posted ContentDOI
Neutrophil extracellular traps and thrombosis in COVID-19.
Yu Zuo,Melanie Zuo,Srilakshmi Yalavarthi,Kelsey Gockman,Jacqueline A. Madison,Hui Shi,Wrenn Woodard,Sean P Lezak,Njira L Lugogo,Jason S. Knight,Yogendra Kanthi +10 more
TL;DR: Four patients whose hospitalizations for COVID-19 were complicated by venous thromboembolism (VTE) demonstrated high levels of D-dimer as well as high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, and the potential relationship between NETs and VTE should be further investigated in CO VID-19.
Journal ArticleDOI
Outcomes and biomarker analyses among patients with COVID-19 treated with interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist sarilumab at a single institution in Italy.
Vincenzo Montesarchio,Roberto Parella,Chiara Iommelli,Antonella Bianco,Elio Manzillo,Fiorentino Fraganza,Cristiana Palumbo,Gaetano Rea,Patrizia Murino,Rosanna De Rosa,Luigi Atripaldi,Maurizio D'Abbraccio,Marcello Curvietto,Domenico Mallardo,Egidio Celentano,Antonio M. Grimaldi,Marco Palla,Claudia Trojaniello,Maria Grazia Vitale,Samuel Lewis Million-Weaver,Paolo A. Ascierto +20 more
TL;DR: Lower levels of IL-6 at baseline as well as lower neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as compared with patients whose COVID-19 did not improve with treatment were associated with sarilumab-responsive disease, suggesting CRP could be a potential biomarker of response to treatment.
References
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Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia.
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TL;DR: There is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019 and considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.
Roujian Lu,Xiang Zhao,Juan Li,Peihua Niu,Bo Yang,Honglong Wu,Wenling Wang,Hao Song,Baoying Huang,Na Zhu,Yuhai Bi,Xuejun Ma,Faxian Zhan,Liang Wang,Tao Hu,Hong Zhou,Zhenhong Hu,Weimin Zhou,Li Zhao,Jing Chen,Yao Meng,Ji Wang,Yang Lin,Jianying Yuan,Zhihao Xie,Jinmin Ma,William J. Liu,Dayan Wang,Wenbo Xu,Edward C. Holmes,George F. Gao,George F. Gao,Guizhen Wu,Weijun Chen,Weifeng Shi,Wenjie Tan,Wenjie Tan +36 more
TL;DR: The phylogenetic analysis suggests that bats might be the original host of this virus, an animal sold at the seafood market in Wuhan might represent an intermediate host facilitating the emergence of the virus in humans.
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