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Somatotropic Signaling: Trade-Offs Between Growth, Reproductive Development, and Longevity

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TLDR
Results obtained in GH-related mutant mice provide striking examples of mutations of a single gene delaying aging, reducing age-related disease, and extending lifespan in a mammal and providing novel experimental systems for the study of mechanisms of aging.
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a key determinant of postnatal growth and plays an important role in the control of metabolism and body composition. Surprisingly, deficiency in GH signaling delays aging and...

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SKN-1/Nrf, stress responses, and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans.

TL;DR: C. elegans studies predict that mammalian Nrf/CNC protein functions and regulation may be similarly complex and that the proteins and processes that they regulate are likely to have a major influence on mammalian life- and healthspan.
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Age-Dependent Niche Signals from the Choroid Plexus Regulate Adult Neural Stem Cells.

TL;DR: The lateral ventricle choroid plexus (LVCP), a primary producer of CSF, is a key niche compartment that translates physiological changes into molecular signals directly affecting neural stem cell behavior.
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Reduced Expression of MYC Increases Longevity and Enhances Healthspan

TL;DR: It is found that Myc haploinsufficient (Myc(+/-) mice exhibit increased lifespan and appear to be more active, with a higher metabolic rate and healthier lipid metabolism, and a gene expression signature enriched for metabolic and immune processes.
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Protein and amino acid restriction, aging and disease: from yeast to humans

TL;DR: Interventions aimed at lowering the intake of proteins or specific AAs can be beneficial and have the potential to be widely adopted and effective in optimizing healthspan.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing.

TL;DR: Evidence that the appropriate and inappropriate production of oxidants, together with the ability of organisms to respond to oxidative stress, is intricately connected to ageing and life span is reviewed.
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Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that new neurons, as defined by these markers, are generated from dividing progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of adult humans, indicating that the human hippocampus retains its ability to generate neurons throughout life.
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Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades

TL;DR: Recent studies have begun to shed light on the physiological functions of MAPK cascades in the control of gene expression, cell proliferation and programmed cell death.
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Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence

TL;DR: August Weismann's theory is subject to a number of criticisms, the most forceful of which are: 1) The fallacy of identifying senescence with mechanical wear, 2) the extreme rarity, in natural populations, of individuals that would be old enough to die of the postulated death-mechanism, 3) the failure of several decades of gerontological research to uncover any deathmechanisms, and 4) the difficulties involved in visualizing how such a feature could be produced
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