Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination I: Identification of tracks in aerogel

TLDR: In this paper, Westphal et al. reported the identification of 69 tracks in approximately 250 cm 2 of aerogelcollectors of the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector using a distributed internet-based virtual microscope and search engine.

Abstract: –Here, we report the identification of 69 tracks in approximately 250 cm 2 of aerogelcollectors of the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector. We identified these tracks throughStardust@home, a distributed internet-based virtual microscope and search engine, in which> 30,000 amateur scientists collectively performed >9 9 10 7 searches on approximately 10 6 fields of view. Using calibration images, we measured individual detection efficiency, andfound that the individual detection efficiency for tracks > 2.5 lm in diameter was >0.6, andwas >0.75 for tracks >3 lm in diameter. Because most fields of view were searched >30times, these results could be combined to yield a theoretical detection efficiency near unity.The initial expectation was that interstellar dust would be captured at very high speed. Theactual tracks discovered in the Stardust collector, however, were due to low-speed impacts,and were morphologically strongly distinct from the calibration images. As a result, thedetection efficiency of these tracks was lower than detection efficiency of calibrationspresented in training, testing, and ongoing calibration. Nevertheless, as calibration imagesbased on low-speed impacts were added later in the project, detection efficiencies for low-speed tracks rose dramatically. We conclude that a massively distributed, calibrated search,with amateur collaborators, is an effective approach to the challenging problem ofidentification of tracks of hypervelocity projectiles captured in aerogel.1510 A. J. Westphal et al.