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The immune response during acute HIV-1 infection: clues for vaccine development.

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TLDR
The finding that the first effective immune responses drive the selection of virus escape mutations provides insight into the earliest immune responses against the transmitted virus and their contributions to the control of acute viraemia.
Abstract
The early immune response to HIV-1 infection is likely to be an important factor in determining the clinical course of disease. Recent data indicate that the HIV-1 quasispecies that arise following a mucosal infection are usually derived from a single transmitted virus. Moreover, the finding that the first effective immune responses drive the selection of virus escape mutations provides insight into the earliest immune responses against the transmitted virus and their contributions to the control of acute viraemia. Strong innate and adaptive immune responses occur subsequently but they are too late to eliminate the infection. In this Review, we discuss recent studies on the kinetics and quality of early immune responses to HIV-1 and their implications for developing a successful preventive HIV-1 vaccine.

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The major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control affect HLA class I peptide presentation

Florencia Pereyra, +336 more
- 10 Dec 2010 - 
TL;DR: Differences in binding to viral peptide antigens by HLA may be the major factors underlying genetic differences between HIV controllers and progressors, and genome-wide association results implicate the nature of the HLA–viral peptide interaction as the major factor modulating durable control of HIV infection.
Journal ArticleDOI

From Vaccines to Memory and Back

TL;DR: An overview of the cellular organization of immune memory is provided and some of the outstanding questions on immunological memory and how they pertain to vaccination strategies are underlined.
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HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies: understanding nature’s pathways

TL;DR: The demonstration that HIV‐1‐infected individuals can make potent BNAbs is encouraging, and recent progress in isolating such antibodies and mapping their immune pathways of development is providing new strategies for vaccination.
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Cytomegalovirus Vectors Violate CD8+ T Cell Epitope Recognition Paradigms

TL;DR: The findings suggest that CD8+ T cell recognition is more flexible than had been thought, and that the focused epitope recognition profiles of conventional CD8- T cell responses may be primarily restricted by immunoregulation during priming rather than by intrinsic limitations in antigen processing/presentation or in T cell receptor repertoire.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection

TL;DR: Treatment of infected patients with ABT-538 causes plasma HIV-1 levels to decrease exponentially and CD4 lymphocyte counts to rise substantially, indicating that replication of HIV- 1 in vivo is continuous and highly productive, driving the rapid turnover ofCD4 lymphocytes.
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Homozygous Defect in HIV-1 Coreceptor Accounts for Resistance of Some Multiply-Exposed Individuals to HIV-1 Infection

TL;DR: A CKR-5 allele present in the human population appears to protect homozygous individuals from sexual transmission of HIV-1 and is suggested to provide a means of preventing or slowing disease progression.
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Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection

TL;DR: It is shown that increased lipopolysaccharide is bioactive in vivo and correlates with measures of innate and adaptive immune activation, which establish a mechanism for chronic immune activation in the context of a compromised gastrointestinal mucosal surface and provide new directions for therapeutic interventions that modify the consequences of acute HIV infection.
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