Journal ArticleDOI
The neurobiology of learning and memory
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TLDR
Probably applications of this new understanding of the neural bases of learning and memory range from education to the treatment of learning disabilities to the design of new artificial intelligence systems.Abstract:
Study of the neurobiology of learning and memory is in a most exciting phase. Behavioral studies in animals are characterizing the categories and properties of learning and memory; essential memory trace circuits in the brain are being defined and localized in mammalian models; work on human memory and the brain is identifying neuronal systems involved in memory; the neuronal, neurochemical, molecular, and biophysical substrates of memory are beginning to be understood in both invertebrate and vertebrate systems; and theoretical and mathematical analysis of basic associative learning and of neuronal networks in proceeding apace. Likely applications of this new understanding of the neural bases of learning and memory range from education to the treatment of learning disabilities to the design of new artificial intelligence systems.read more
Citations
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A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
TL;DR: The best understood form of long-term potentiation is induced by the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor complex, which allows electrical events at the postsynaptic membrane to be transduced into chemical signals which, in turn, are thought to activate both pre- and post Synaptic mechanisms to generate a persistent increase in synaptic strength.
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Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans.
TL;DR: The role of the hippocampus is considered, which is needed temporarily to bind together distributed sites in neocortex that together represent a whole memory.
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A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants: A proposal.
TL;DR: In this article, a method for clinical description and classification of both normal and abnormal personality variants is proposed based on a general biosocial theory of personality, and three dimensions of personality are defined in terms of the basic stimulus-response characteristics of novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence.
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The medial temporal lobe memory system
TL;DR: The medial temporal lobe memory system is needed to bind together the distributed storage sites in neocortex that represent a whole memory, but the role of this system is only temporary, as time passes after learning, memory stored in neoc cortex gradually becomes independent of medialporal lobe structures.
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Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism
TL;DR: In this paper, three dimensions of personality have been described that may reflect individual differences in brain systems modulating the activation, maintenance, and inhibition of behavioral responses to the effects of alcohol and other environmental stimuli.
References
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Habituation of a monosynaptic response in vertebrate central nervous system: lateral column-motoneuron pathway in isolated frog spinal cord
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Rapid taste-aversion learning by an isolated molluscan central nervous system
Joseph Jin Chang,Alan Gelperin +1 more
TL;DR: The isolated lips and nervous system of the terrestrial slug Limax maximus will produce some of the feeding behavior of the intact animal; i.e., they generate the rhythmic neural activity characteristic of ingestion in response to food extracts applied to the lips.
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Brachium conjuntivum and rubrobulbar tract: brain stem projections of red nucleus essential for the conditioned nictitating membrane response.
TL;DR: The conclusion that an essential premotor component of the conditioned NM response is a doubly decussating circuit from the interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum to magnocellular red nucleus, via brachium conjunctivum and its decussation is strongly supported.
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Classical conditioning of the rabbit eyelid response with mossy fiber stimulation as the conditioned stimulus
TL;DR: The nictitating membrane responses of 12 rabbits were classically conditioned using mossy fiber stimulation as a conditioned stimulus (CS) and airpuff as an unconditioned stimulus and the dorsolateral pontine nucleus and the lateral reticular nucleus were effective stimulation-CS sites for learning.
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Early experience effect on dendritic branching in normally reared kittens.
TL;DR: The neural modifications induced in somatosensory cortex by a simple avoidance procedure in developing kittens were studied by mapping receptive fields of single cells on the skin, thereby building a body map and measuring branching patterns of dendrites of stellate and pyramidal cells.