Journal ArticleDOI
The neurobiology of learning and memory
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TLDR
Probably applications of this new understanding of the neural bases of learning and memory range from education to the treatment of learning disabilities to the design of new artificial intelligence systems.Abstract:
Study of the neurobiology of learning and memory is in a most exciting phase. Behavioral studies in animals are characterizing the categories and properties of learning and memory; essential memory trace circuits in the brain are being defined and localized in mammalian models; work on human memory and the brain is identifying neuronal systems involved in memory; the neuronal, neurochemical, molecular, and biophysical substrates of memory are beginning to be understood in both invertebrate and vertebrate systems; and theoretical and mathematical analysis of basic associative learning and of neuronal networks in proceeding apace. Likely applications of this new understanding of the neural bases of learning and memory range from education to the treatment of learning disabilities to the design of new artificial intelligence systems.read more
Citations
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A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
TL;DR: The best understood form of long-term potentiation is induced by the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor complex, which allows electrical events at the postsynaptic membrane to be transduced into chemical signals which, in turn, are thought to activate both pre- and post Synaptic mechanisms to generate a persistent increase in synaptic strength.
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Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans.
TL;DR: The role of the hippocampus is considered, which is needed temporarily to bind together distributed sites in neocortex that together represent a whole memory.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants: A proposal.
TL;DR: In this article, a method for clinical description and classification of both normal and abnormal personality variants is proposed based on a general biosocial theory of personality, and three dimensions of personality are defined in terms of the basic stimulus-response characteristics of novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence.
Journal ArticleDOI
The medial temporal lobe memory system
TL;DR: The medial temporal lobe memory system is needed to bind together the distributed storage sites in neocortex that represent a whole memory, but the role of this system is only temporary, as time passes after learning, memory stored in neoc cortex gradually becomes independent of medialporal lobe structures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism
TL;DR: In this paper, three dimensions of personality have been described that may reflect individual differences in brain systems modulating the activation, maintenance, and inhibition of behavioral responses to the effects of alcohol and other environmental stimuli.
References
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A cellular mechanism of classical conditioning in Aplysia: activity-dependent amplification of presynaptic facilitation.
TL;DR: Results of these cellular experiments are quantitatively similar to the results of behavioral experiments with the same protocol and parameters, suggesting that activity-dependent amplification of presynaptic facilitation may make a significant contribution to classical conditioning of the withdrawal reflex.
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Neuronal Mechanisms of Habituation and Dishabituation of the Gill-Withdrawal Reflex in Aplysia
TL;DR: Habituation and dishabituation were not due to peripheral changes in either the sensory receptors or the gill musculature butt but were caused by changes in the amplitlude of the excitatory synaptic potentials produced at the gills motor neurons.
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Synapses as associative memory elements in the hippocampal formation
William B. Levy,Oswald Steward +1 more
TL;DR: Paired conditioning of ipsi- and contralateral inputs by nearly simultaneous conditioning stimulation of the EC bilaterally results in LTP in the crossing system, and this associatively induced LTP of the crossed system can be reversed by subsequent conditioning of the ipsilateral system alone.
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Induction of synaptic potentiation in hippocampus by patterned stimulation involves two events.
John Larson,Gary Lynch +1 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that a single burst of axonal stimulation produces a transient, spatially diffuse "priming" effect that prolongs responses to subsequent bursts, and that these altered responses trigger spatially restricted synaptic modifications.