Journal ArticleDOI
The neurobiology of learning and memory
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TLDR
Probably applications of this new understanding of the neural bases of learning and memory range from education to the treatment of learning disabilities to the design of new artificial intelligence systems.Abstract:
Study of the neurobiology of learning and memory is in a most exciting phase. Behavioral studies in animals are characterizing the categories and properties of learning and memory; essential memory trace circuits in the brain are being defined and localized in mammalian models; work on human memory and the brain is identifying neuronal systems involved in memory; the neuronal, neurochemical, molecular, and biophysical substrates of memory are beginning to be understood in both invertebrate and vertebrate systems; and theoretical and mathematical analysis of basic associative learning and of neuronal networks in proceeding apace. Likely applications of this new understanding of the neural bases of learning and memory range from education to the treatment of learning disabilities to the design of new artificial intelligence systems.read more
Citations
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A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
TL;DR: The best understood form of long-term potentiation is induced by the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor complex, which allows electrical events at the postsynaptic membrane to be transduced into chemical signals which, in turn, are thought to activate both pre- and post Synaptic mechanisms to generate a persistent increase in synaptic strength.
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Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans.
TL;DR: The role of the hippocampus is considered, which is needed temporarily to bind together distributed sites in neocortex that together represent a whole memory.
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A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants: A proposal.
TL;DR: In this article, a method for clinical description and classification of both normal and abnormal personality variants is proposed based on a general biosocial theory of personality, and three dimensions of personality are defined in terms of the basic stimulus-response characteristics of novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence.
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The medial temporal lobe memory system
TL;DR: The medial temporal lobe memory system is needed to bind together the distributed storage sites in neocortex that represent a whole memory, but the role of this system is only temporary, as time passes after learning, memory stored in neoc cortex gradually becomes independent of medialporal lobe structures.
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Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism
TL;DR: In this paper, three dimensions of personality have been described that may reflect individual differences in brain systems modulating the activation, maintenance, and inhibition of behavioral responses to the effects of alcohol and other environmental stimuli.
References
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Neuronal responses of the rabbit cerebellum during acquisition and performance of a classically conditioned nictitating membrane-eyelid response.
TL;DR: It is shown that lesions of the regions of cerebellar cortex projecting to the dentate-interpositus nuclei do not permanently abolish the conditioned response, although the amplitude- time course of the learned response could be affected.
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A comparison of the contributions of the frontal and parietal association cortex to spatial localization in rats
TL;DR: The results suggest that the frontal andParietal cortex of rats play different roles in the control of spatial orientation but do not support the view that egocentric and allocentric spatial orientation are related to frontal and parietal mechanisms, respectively.
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Learning Centers of Rat Brain Mapped by Measuring Latencies of Conditioned Unit Responses
TL;DR: The question of whether certain parts of the brain play an especially important role in processes related to learning and memory has been pursued by a variety of methods with limited success.
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Behavioural effects of frontal-lobe lesions in man
TL;DR: In this paper, the frontal lobe lesion was found to have specific cognitive deficits, such as a reduced output on fluency tasks, faulty regulation of behaviour of external cues, and impaired organization and monitoring of material to be remembered, and the subject's own responses.