Institution
Cancer Epidemiology Unit
About: Cancer Epidemiology Unit is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 669 authors who have published 1725 publications receiving 93979 citations.
Topics: Population, Cancer, Breast cancer, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Prospective cohort study
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: The reduced risk for colorectal cancer in patients with RA is consistent with previous studies of RA patients and with reports which state that use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may protect against the development of large bowel cancers.
Abstract: Background To evaluate hypotheses about the relationship between immune alterations and cancer, several investigators have determined cancer incidence in groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease. The primary finding has been an increased risk of hematopoietic cancers. Purpose In this study, we have attempted to refine estimates of the association between RA and subsequent development of specific cancers. Methods We investigated site-specific cancer risk associated with RA in a population-based cohort study of 11683 Swedish men and women with a hospital (inpatient) diagnosis of RA. These case patients were identified from 1965 to 1983 and had follow-up through 1984 by computer linkage of the Swedish Hospital Inpatient Register to the National Swedish Cancer Registry (840 case patients with cancer) and the Swedish Registry of Causes of Death. Cancer risk was estimated by standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for specific cancers. Results For men and women overall, there were decreased risks for cancers of the colon (SIR = 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5-0.9), rectum (SIR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.5-1.1), and stomach (SIR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.5-0.9) and an increased risk for lymphomas (SIR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.5-2.6). Conclusions The reduced risk for colorectal cancer in patients with RA is consistent with previous studies of RA patients and with reports which state that use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may protect against the development of large bowel cancers. The excess of lymphomas also confirms a number of earlier investigations of RA patients.
603 citations
••
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre1, University of Cambridge2, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute3, University of Toronto4, Weizmann Institute of Science5, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research6, International Agency for Research on Cancer7, European Bioinformatics Institute8, University Health Network9, Norwich University10, University of East Anglia11, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens12, University of Milan13, University of Granada14, Cancer Epidemiology Unit15, Prevention Institute16, University of Naples Federico II17, German Cancer Research Center18, Imperial College London19, Utrecht University20, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center21
TL;DR: Deep sequencing is used to analyse genes that are recurrently mutated in AML to distinguish between individuals who have a high risk of developing AML and those with benign ARCH, providing proof-of-concept that it is possible to discriminate ARCH from pre-AML many years before malignant transformation.
Abstract: The incidence of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) increases with age and mortality exceeds 90% when diagnosed after age 65. Most cases arise without any detectable early symptoms and patients usually present with the acute complications of bone marrow failure1. The onset of such de novo AML cases is typically preceded by the accumulation of somatic mutations in preleukaemic haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that undergo clonal expansion2,3. However, recurrent AML mutations also accumulate in HSPCs during ageing of healthy individuals who do not develop AML, a phenomenon referred to as age-related clonal haematopoiesis (ARCH)4–8. Here we use deep sequencing to analyse genes that are recurrently mutated in AML to distinguish between individuals who have a high risk of developing AML and those with benign ARCH. We analysed peripheral blood cells from 95 individuals that were obtained on average 6.3 years before AML diagnosis (pre-AML group), together with 414 unselected age- and gender-matched individuals (control group). Pre-AML cases were distinct from controls and had more mutations per sample, higher variant allele frequencies, indicating greater clonal expansion, and showed enrichment of mutations in specific genes. Genetic parameters were used to derive a model that accurately predicted AML-free survival; this model was validated in an independent cohort of 29 pre-AML cases and 262 controls. Because AML is rare, we also developed an AML predictive model using a large electronic health record database that identified individuals at greater risk. Collectively our findings provide proof-of-concept that it is possible to discriminate ARCH from pre-AML many years before malignant transformation. This could in future enable earlier detection and monitoring, and may help to inform intervention.
567 citations
••
TL;DR: Low to moderate alcohol consumption in women increases the risk of certain cancers, and increasing levels of alcohol consumption were associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
Abstract: increased risks of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx (increase per 10 g/d = 29%, 95% CI = 14% to 45%, P trend < .001), esophagus (22%, 95% CI = 8% to 38%, P trend = .002), larynx (44%, 95% CI = 10% to 88%, P trend = .008), rectum (10%, 95% CI = 2% to 18%, P trend = .02), liver (24%, 95% CI = 2% to 51%, P trend = .03), breast (12%, 95% CI = 9% to 14%, P trend < .001), and total cancer (6%, 95% CI = 4% to 7%, P trend < .001). The trends were similar in women who drank wine exclusively and other consumers of alcohol. For cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, the alcohol-associated risk was confined to current smokers, with little or no effect of alcohol among never and past smokers ( P heterogeneity < .001). Increasing levels of alcohol consumption were associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer ( P trend = .005), non – Hodgkin lymphoma ( P trend = .001), and renal cell carcinoma ( P trend = .03). Conclusions Low to moderate alcohol consumption in women increases the risk of certain cancers. For every additional drink regularly consumed per day, the increase in incidence up to age 75 years per 1000 for women in developed countries is estimated to be about 11 for breast cancer, 1 for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, 1 for cancer of the rectum, and 0.7 each for cancers of the esophagus, larynx and liver, giving a total excess of about 15 cancers per 1000 women up to age 75. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101: 296 – 305
557 citations
••
TL;DR: There is an emerging risk of mortality from liver disease and liver cancer in the UK haemophilia population in individuals both infected and uninfected with HIV-1, which probably results from infection with hepatitis C.
531 citations
••
TL;DR: Despite the favourable mortality trends worldwide, in some countries the declines are becoming less marked, and the predictions for 2015 show that a levelling off of rates is expected in the USA and a few other countries.
528 citations
Authors
Showing all 669 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Richard Peto | 183 | 683 | 231434 |
Kay-Tee Khaw | 174 | 1389 | 138782 |
Silvia Franceschi | 155 | 1340 | 112504 |
Timothy J. Key | 146 | 808 | 90810 |
Hans-Olov Adami | 145 | 908 | 83473 |
Alicja Wolk | 135 | 778 | 66239 |
Paolo Vineis | 134 | 1088 | 86608 |
Lars Klareskog | 131 | 697 | 63281 |
Eva Negri | 129 | 1010 | 66735 |
John A. Baron | 128 | 609 | 61182 |
Jack Cuzick | 128 | 754 | 79979 |
Anders Ekbom | 116 | 613 | 51430 |
C. La Vecchia | 115 | 817 | 53460 |
Valerie Beral | 114 | 471 | 53729 |
Carlo La Vecchia | 112 | 1265 | 56282 |